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Reliable Energy Measurement on Heterogeneous Systems–on–Chip Based Environments

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Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics (PPAM 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 13826))

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Abstract

The proper evaluation of System–on–Chip architectures and Single Board Computers, requires from scientists and developers to acquire reliable data from their performance and energy consumption. The performance analysis becomes a hard task due to the high variations in the systems that change dynamically even during the execution, caused by limited power budgets or temperature constraints among others, and producing very different results from one execution to the other. An extra added obstacle in energy analysis arises with the difficulty to obtain the measurements due to the lack of both a unified measurement standard and appropriate sensors to gather them. Attaining a benchmarking process to produce reliable and reproducible data results constitutes a difficult problem to solve and an extremely necessary task. As a consequence, unified solutions that simplify the process and reduce the number of issues to tackle during the computational experiements are of great beneficial to the scientific community. We enumerate several factors that hinder proper metric gathering and propose the use of a unified benchmarking framework to simplify energy measurements to address and hide the toughest aspects. Finally, to validate our proposal, we present a performance and energy evaluation to illustrate the enhance of the quality of measurements obtained where the reliability and reproducibility are improved. A mini-cluster collecting a set of heterogeneous devices running computer fluid dynamics kernels have been used as the testbed.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with the PID2019-107228RB-I00 project, and Contract FPU16/00942; by the Government of the Canary Islands, with the project ProID2021010012 and the grant TESIS2017010134, which is co-financed by the Ministry of Economy, Industry, Commerce and Knowledge of Canary Islands and the European Social Funds (ESF), operative program integrated of Canary Islands 2014–2020 Strategy Aim 3, Priority Topic 74(85%); and the Spanish network CAPAP-H.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. HPC Group of Universidad de La Laguna, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología., 38270, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    Alberto Cabrera, Pavel Nichita, Sergio Afonso, Francisco Almeida & Vicente Blanco

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  1. Alberto Cabrera
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  2. Pavel Nichita
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  3. Sergio Afonso
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  4. Francisco Almeida
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  5. Vicente Blanco
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vicente Blanco .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland

    Roman Wyrzykowski

  2. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

    Jack Dongarra

  3. University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA

    Ewa Deelman

  4. Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland

    Konrad Karczewski

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Cabrera, A., Nichita, P., Afonso, S., Almeida, F., Blanco, V. (2023). Reliable Energy Measurement on Heterogeneous Systems–on–Chip Based Environments. In: Wyrzykowski, R., Dongarra, J., Deelman, E., Karczewski, K. (eds) Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics. PPAM 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13826. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30442-2_28

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30442-2_28

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-30441-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-30442-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

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