Abstract
Diabetes has significant effects on the human body, one of which is the increase in the blood pressure and when not diagnosed early, can cause severe vision complications and even lead to blindness. Early screening is the key to overcoming such issues which can have a significant impact on rural areas and overcrowded regions. Mobile systems can help bring the technology to those in need. Transfer learning based Deep Learning algorithms combined with mobile retinal imaging systems can significantly reduce the screening time and lower the burden on healthcare workers. In this paper, several efficiency factors of Diabetic Retinopathy detection systems based on Convolutional Neural Networks are tested and evaluated for mobile applications. Two main techniques are used to measure the efficiency of DL based DR detection systems. The first method evaluates the effect of dataset change, where the base architecture of the DL model remains the same. The second method measures the effect of base architecture variation, where the dataset remains unchanged. The results suggest that the inclusivity of the datasets, and the dataset size significantly impact the DR detection accuracy and sensitivity. Amongst the five chosen lightweight architectures, EfficientNet-based DR detection algorithms outperformed the other transfer learning models along with APTOS Blindness Detection dataset.
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Acknowledgment
This work is financed by National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within project LA/P/0063/2020. Furthermore, this paper is a part of the Master’s thesis titled “Deep Learning Methods for Diabetic Eye Disease Screening and Smartphone based Applications” by M.E.
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Esengönül, M., de Paiva, A.C., Rodrigues, J., Cunha, A. (2023). Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Use. In: Cunha, A., M. Garcia, N., Marx Gómez, J., Pereira, S. (eds) Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare. MobiHealth 2022. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 484. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32029-3_2
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