Abstract
A machine learning technique, which is based on the Gaussian mixture model and uses a developed parametric and criteria features modification of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm with removing components of the Gaussian mixture model for a deep statistical analysis of cross-correlations between code structures in low power environment friendly direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communications, is proposed in the paper. The features of the EM-algorithm for this purpose are described and analyzed. The proposed modification of the EM-algorithm contains the justification of the initial number of components of a mixture, the initial model parameters, and three additional clustering criteria for adjusting the procedures of EM-algorithm under conditions of mathematical singularities in the log-likelihood function. An example of working of the proposed technique for DSSS NOMA communications is presented and analyzed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Balusamy, B., Abirami, R.N., Kadry, S., Gandomi, A.H.: Cluster analysis. In: Big Data: Concepts, Technology, and Architecture. Wiley, Hoboken (2021)
Zhu, J., et al.: ECRKQ: machine learning-based energy-efficient clustering and cooperative routing for mobile underwater acoustic sensor networks. IEEE Access 9, 70843–70855 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3078174
Alekseeva, D., et al.: Comparison of machine learning techniques applied to traffic prediction of real wireless network. IEEE Access 9, 159495–159514 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3129850
Xu, Q., et al.: Roadside estimation of a vehicle’s center of gravity height based on an improved single-stage detection algorithm and regression prediction technology. IEEE Sens. J. 21(21), 24520–24530 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2021.3114703
Jang, K.J., et al.: Rain attenuation prediction model for terrestrial links using Gaussian process regression. IEEE Commun. Lett. 25(11), 3719–3723 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2021.3109619
Agbinya, J.I.: Hidden Markov Modelling (HMM). In: Applied Data Analytics – Principles and Applications. River Publishers, Gistrup (2020)
Piho, L., Kruusmaa, M.: Subsurface flow path modeling from inertial measurement unit sensor data using infinite hidden Markov models. IEEE Sens. J. 22(1), 621–630 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2021.3128838
Liu, C., Song, W., Lu, C., Xia, J.: Spatial-temporal hidden Markov model for land cover classification using multitemporal satellite images. IEEE Access 9, 76493–76502 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3080926
Sustainable Development Goals | United Nations Development Programme (2021). https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals
Micheletti, J.A., Godoy, E.P.: Improved indoor 3D localization using LoRa wireless communication. IEEE Lat. Am. Trans. 20(3), 481–487 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2022.9667147
Chew, D., Adams, A.L., Uher, J.: Intelligent radio concepts. In: Wireless Coexistence: Standards, Challenges, and Intelligent Solutions. Wiley, Hoboken (2021)
Middlestead, R.W.: Spread‐spectrum communications. In: Digital Communications with Emphasis on Data Modems: Theory, Analysis, Design, Simulation, Testing, and Applications. Wiley, Hoboken (2017)
Kopta, V., Enz, C.: Ultra-Low Power FM-UWB Transceivers for IoT. River Publishers, Gistrup (2019)
Zhong, R., et al.: AI empowered RIS-assisted NOMA networks: deep learning or reinforcement learning? IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 40(1), 182–196 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2021.3126068
Holubnychyi, A.H., Konakhovych, G.F.: Multiplicative complementary binary signal-code constructions. Radioelectron. Commun. Syst. 61(10), 431–443 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0735272718100011
Holubnychyi, A.G., Konakhovych, G.F., Taranenko, A.G., Gabrousenko, Ye.I.: Comparison of additive and multiplicative complementary sequences for navigation and flight control systems. In: IEEE 5th International Conference on Methods and Systems of Navigation and Motion Control (MSNMC), Kiev, Ukraine, pp. 24–27 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/MSNMC.2018.8576275
Holubnychyi, A.G., Konakhovych, G.F., Odarchenko, R.S.: Signal constructions with low resultant sidelobes for pulse compression navigation and radar systems. In: IEEE 4th International Conference on Methods and Systems of Navigation and Motion Control (MSNMC), Kiev, Ukraine, pp. 267–270 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/MSNMC.2016.7783158
Yu, D., Deng, L.: Gaussian mixture models. In: Yu, D., Deng, L. (eds.) Automatic Speech Recognition. Signals and Communication Technology, pp. 13–21. Springer, London (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5779-3_2
Huang, T., Peng, H., Zhang, K.: Model selection for Gaussian mixture models. Stat. Sin. 27, 147–169 (2017). https://doi.org/10.5705/ss.2014.105
Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M., Rubin, D.B.: Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 39(1), 1–38 (1977)
Gupta, M.R.: Theory and use of the EM algorithm. Found. Trends® Signal Process. 4(3), 223–296 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1561/2000000034
Vlassis, N., Likas, A.: A greedy EM algorithm for Gaussian mixture learning. Neural Process. Lett. 15, 77–87 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013844811137
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Holubnychyi, O., Gabrousenko, Y., Taranenko, A., Slobodian, O., Zharova, O. (2023). Machine Learning Technique Based on Gaussian Mixture Model for Environment Friendly Communications. In: Faure, E., Danchenko, O., Bondarenko, M., Tryus, Y., Bazilo, C., Zaspa, G. (eds) Information Technology for Education, Science, and Technics. ITEST 2022. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol 178. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35467-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35467-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-35466-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-35467-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)