Skip to main content

Understanding Individual Differences in Mental Health and Video Games

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
HCI in Games (HCII 2023)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14047))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 553 Accesses

Abstract

With mental health diagnoses ever increasing in today’s world and the services set out to provide help and care for them coming under ever increasing pressure from overuse, it is clear that a new approach is needed to help the numerous amounts of patients waiting for care. This research was setup to investigate the potential of video games and their benefits on mental health. This correlational design took survey responses from 200 participants and their responses to common mental health inventories and personality factors when asked in conjunction with their favourite video game. The data was used to build an understanding of what types of games might be associated with high or low scores across a variety of mental health, including anxiety and depression. Results showed that there were significant findings for games categorised as adventure and role playing, and that these showed associations with lower levels of anxiety, depression, and neuroticism scores, suggesting some ability to control for individual differences with more study. Future studies could aim to understand causal influences in the relationship between games and mental health, to allow for more access to care for patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bannister, R.: Underfunded mental healthcare in the NHS: the cycle of preventable distress continues. BMJ 375 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.N2706

  2. Johannes, N., Vuorre, M., Przybylski, A.K.: Video game play is positively correlated with well-being. R Soc Open Sci 8(2), 202049 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Krueger, R.F., Eaton, N.R.: Transdiagnostic factors of mental disorders. World Psychiatry 14(1), 27–29 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/WPS.20175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hirsch, C.R., et al.: Effects of modifying interpretation bias on transdiagnostic repetitive negative thinking. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 88(3), 226–239 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1037/CCP0000455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Schaeuffele, C., Schulz, A., Knaevelsrud, C., Renneberg, B., Boettcher, J.: CBT at the crossroads: the rise of transdiagnostic treatments. Int. J. Cogn. Ther. 14(1), 86–113 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-020-00095-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Norton, P.J., Paulus, D.J.: Transdiagnostic models of anxiety disorder: theoretical and empirical underpinnings. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 56, 122–137 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dalgleish, T., Black, M., Johnston, D., Bevan, A.: Transdiagnostic approaches to mental health problems: current status and future directions. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 88(3), 179–195 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1037/CCP0000482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Shah, J.L., et al.: Transdiagnostic clinical staging in youth mental health: a first international consensus statement. World Psychiatry 19(2), 233–242 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20745

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Third Revision, Revised (DSM-III-R)., 5th ed. American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ruggero, C.J., et al.: Integrating the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) into clinical practice. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 87(12), 1069 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1037/CCP0000452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. DeYoung, C.G., et al.: The distinction between symptoms and traits in the Hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP). J. Pers. 90(1), 20–33 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1111/JOPY.12593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gillan, C.M., Seow, T.X.F.: carving out new transdiagnostic dimensions for research in mental health. Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging 5(10), 932–934 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.04.013

  13. Mental Health Foundation, Mental health statistics: the most common mental health problems, Mental Health Foundation (2020). https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/statistics/mental-health-statistics-most-common-mental-health-problems. Accessed 14 May 2021

  14. Henningsen, P., Zimmermann, T., Sattel, H.: Medically unexplained physical symptoms, anxiety, and depression: a meta-analytic review. Psychosom Med 65(4), 528–533 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000075977.90337.E7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Beesdo, K., Knappe, S., Pine, D.S.: Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: developmental issues and implications for DSM-V. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 32(3), 483–524 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2009.06.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lewandowski, K.E., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Nelson-Gray, R.O., Clancy, C., Kepley, H.O., Kwapil, T.R.: Anxiety and depression symptoms in psychometrically identified schizotypy. Schizophr Res. 83(2–3), 225–235 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2005.11.024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Spitzer, R.L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J.B.W., Löwe, B.: A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch. Intern. Med. 166(10), 1092–1097 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1001/ARCHINTE.166.10.1092

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Slee, A., Nazareth, I., Freemantle, N., Background, L.H.: Trends in generalised anxiety disorders and symptoms in primary care: UK population-based cohort study. Br. J. Psychiatry 1–7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.159

  19. Finan, P.H., Smith, M.T.: The comorbidity of insomnia, chronic pain, and depression: dopamine as a putative mechanism. Sleep Med. Rev. 17(3), 173–83 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2012.03.003

  20. Arnold, T., et al.: A brief transdiagnostic pandemic mental health maintenance intervention. Couns. Psychol. Q. 34(3–4), 331–351 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2020.1769026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Rodriguez-Seijas, C., Eaton, N.R., Krueger, R.F.: How transdiagnostic factors of personality and psychopathology can inform clinical assessment and intervention. J. Pers. Assess. 97(5), 425–435 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2015.1055752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Demyttenaere, K., Heirman, E.: The blurred line between anxiety and depression: hesitations on comorbidity, thresholds and hierarchy. Int. Rev. Psychiatry 32(5–6), 455–465 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1764509

  23. Mineka, S., Watson, D., Clark, L.A.: Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 49, 377–412 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Aina, Y., Susman, J.L.: ‘Understanding comorbidity with depression and anxiety disorders. J. Am. Osteopathic Assoc. 106(5 SUPPL), S9–14 (2006). Accessed 10 Jul 2021. https://europepmc.org/article/med/16738013

  25. Jacobson, N.C., Newman, M.G.: Anxiety and depression as bidirectional risk factors for one another: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychol. Bull. 143(11), 1155–1200 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Allan, N.P., Albanese, B.J., Judah, M.R., Gooch, C.V., Schmidt, N.B.: A multimethod investigation of the impact of attentional control on a brief intervention for anxiety and depression. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 88(3), 212–225 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1037/CCP0000484

  27. Merry, S.N., Stasiak, K., Shepherd, M., Frampton, C., Fleming, T., Lucassen, M.F.G.: The effectiveness of SPARX, a computerised self help intervention for adolescents seeking help for depression: randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. BMJ 344(7857) (2012). https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.E2598

  28. Johnson, D., Deterding, S., Kuhn, K.A., Staneva, A., Stoyanov, S., Hides, L.: Gamification for health and wellbeing: a systematic review of the literature. Internet Interventions 6, 89–106 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.002

  29. Garber, J., Weersing, V.R.: Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth: implications for treatment and prevention. Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract. 17(4), 293–306 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01221.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Spence, S.H., Rapee, R.M.: The etiology of social anxiety disorder: an evidence-based model. Behav. Res. Ther. 86, 50–67 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Karyotaki, E., et al.: Efficacy of self-guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depressive symptoms : a meta-analysis of individual participant data. JAMA Psychiatry 351–359 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0044

  32. Sawyer, S.M., Azzopardi, P.S., Wickremarathne, D., Patton, G.C.: The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2(3), 223–228 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30022-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Hudson, J.L., Rapee, R.M., Lyneham, H.J., McLellan, L.F., Wuthrich, V.M., Schniering, C.A.: Comparing outcomes for children with different anxiety disorders following cognitive behavioural therapy. Behav. Res. Ther. 72, 30–37 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Russoniello, C.V., Fish, M., O’Brien, K.: The efficacy of casual videogame play in reducing clinical depression: a randomized controlled study. Games Health J. 2(6), 341–346 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2013.0010

  35. Halbrook, Y.J., O’Donnell, A.T., Msetfi, R.M.: When and how video games can be good: a review of the positive effects of video games on well-being. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 14(6), 1096–1104 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619863807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Fish, M.T., Russoniello, C.V., O’Brien, K.: The efficacy of prescribed casual videogame play in reducing symptoms of anxiety: a randomized controlled study. Games Health J. 3(5), 291–295 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2013.0092

  37. Pallavicini, F., Pepe, A., Mantovani, F.: Commercial off-the-shelf video games for reducing stress and anxiety: systematic review. JMIR Ment. Health 8(8) (2021). https://doi.org/10.2196/28150

  38. Bavelier, D., Davidson, R.J.: Games to do you good. Nature 2013 494:7438 494(7438), 425–426 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/494425a

  39. Copeman, M., Freeman, J.: Social anxiety strategies through gaming. In: Fang, X. (eds.) HCI in Games. HCII 2022. LNCS, vol. 13334, pp. 309–326 Springer, Cham (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05637-6_19

  40. Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M.: Self-determination Theory. In: Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology: vol. 1, SAGE Publications Inc., pp. 416–437 (2012). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249215.n21

  41. Stone, D.N., Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M.: Beyond talk: creating autonomous motivation through self-determination theory. 34(3), 75–91 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1177/030630700903400305

  42. Ryan, R.M., Deci, E.L.: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 61, 101860 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEDPSYCH.2020.101860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Ryan, R.M., Rigby, C.S., Przybylski, A.: The motivational pull of video games: a self-determination theory approach. Motiv. Emot. 30(4), 347–363 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9051-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Shoshani, A., Braverman, S., Meirow, G.: Video games and close relations: attachment and empathy as predictors of children’s and adolescents’ video game social play and socio-emotional functioning. Comput. Hum. Behav. 114, 106578 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2020.106578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Przybylski, A.K., Rigby, C.S., Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M.: Competence-impeding electronic games and players’ aggressive feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 106(3), 441–457 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Hilgard, J., Engelhardt, C.R., Bartholow, B.D.: ‘Individual differences in motives, preferences, and pathology in video games: the gaming attitudes, motives, and experiences scales (GAMES). Front. Psychol. 4, 608 (2013). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00608

  47. Johnson, D., Gardner, J.: Personality, motivation and video games. In: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 276–279 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1145/1952222.1952281

  48. Markey, P.M., Markey, C.N.: Vulnerability to violent video games: a review and integration of personality research. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019000

  49. ISFE, Key Facts 2020 Europe’s video games industry (2020). Accessed 18 Jul 2021. https://www.isfe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ISFE-final-1.pdf

  50. Salmon, J.P., Dolan, S.M., Drake, R.S., Wilson, G.C., Klein, R.M., Eskes, G.A.: A survey of video game preferences in adults: building better games for older adults. Entertain Comput. 21, 45–64 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2017.04.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Azadvar, A.; UPEQ: Ubisoft perceived experience questionnaire (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3235765.3235780

  52. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B.W.: The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 16(9), 606 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1497.2001.016009606.X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. National collaborating centre for mental health, The improving access to psychological therapies manual, pp. 1–15, 2018, Accessed 28 Oct 2022. https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/the-iapt-manual.pdf

  54. John, O.P., Srivastava, S.: The big-five trait taxonomy: history, measurement, and theoretical perspectives (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Li, D., Liau, A., Khoo, A.: Examining the influence of actual-ideal self-discrepancies, depression, and escapism, on pathological gaming among massively multiplayer online adolescent gamers. Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw. 14(9), 535–539 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Kirk, R.E., Kirk, R.E., Experimental Design. In: Handbook of Psychology, Wiley, Hoboken (2003). https://doi.org/10.1002/0471264385.wei0201

  57. Deegan, P.E.: The importance of personal medicine: a qualitative study of resilience in people with psychiatric disabilities. Scand. J. Public Health Suppl. 33(66), 29–35 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1080/14034950510033345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Colder Carras, M., et al.: Connection, meaning, and distraction: a qualitative study of video game play and mental health recovery in veterans treated for mental and/or behavioral health problems. Soc. Sci. Med. 216, 124–132 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.044

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matthew Copeman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Copeman, M., Freeman, J. (2023). Understanding Individual Differences in Mental Health and Video Games. In: Fang, X. (eds) HCI in Games. HCII 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14047. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35979-8_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35979-8_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-35978-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-35979-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics