Abstract
In forensics investigation, the estimation of the misalignment occurred between consecutive JPEG compressions can be considered an important step to recover the manipulation history of an image under analysis and localize forgeries. Exploiting statistics computed from the AC histograms obtained applying a third compression, an effective method to estimate the misalignment has been designed. Finally, to assess the performance of the proposed approach a series of tests has been conducted considering scenarios involving different patch sizes and quantization matrices, performing also comparisons with state-of-the-art solutions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Battiato, S., Giudice, O., Guarnera, F., Puglisi, G.: First quantization estimation by a robust data exploitation strategy of DCT coefficients. IEEE Access 9, 73110–73120 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3080576
Bianchi, T., Piva, A.: Detection of nonaligned double jpeg compression based on integer periodicity maps. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 7(2), 842–848 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2011.2170836
Bianchi, T., Piva, A.: Image forgery localization via block-grained analysis of jpeg artifacts. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 7(3), 1003–1017 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2012.2187516
Bruna, A.R., Messina, G., Battiato, S.: Crop detection through blocking artefacts analysis. In: Maino, G., Foresti, G.L. (eds.) ICIAP 2011. LNCS, vol. 6978, pp. 650–659. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24085-0_66
Dalmia, N., Okade, M.: A novel technique for misalignment parameter estimation in double compressed jpeg images. In: 2016 Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), pp. 1–4 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/VCIP.2016.7805446
Dalmia, N., Okade, M.: Robust first quantization matrix estimation based on filtering of recompression artifacts for non-aligned double compressed JPEG images. Signal Process. Image Commun. 61, 9–20 (2018)
Fan, Z., De Queiroz, R.: Identification of bitmap compression history: JPEG detection and quantizer estimation. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing 12(2), 230–235 (2003)
Farid, H.: Digital image ballistics from JPEG quantization: A followup study. Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Tech. Rep. TR2008-638 (2008)
Giudice, O., Guarnera, F., Paratore, A., Battiato, S.: 1-D DCT domain analysis for JPEG double compression detection. In: Ricci, E., Rota Bulò, S., Snoek, C., Lanz, O., Messelodi, S., Sebe, N. (eds.) ICIAP 2019. LNCS, vol. 11752, pp. 716–726. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30645-8_65
Giudice, O., Paratore, A., Moltisanti, M., Battiato, S.: A classification engine for image ballistics of social data. In: Battiato, S., Gallo, G., Schettini, R., Stanco, F. (eds.) ICIAP 2017. LNCS, vol. 10485, pp. 625–636. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68548-9_57
Kee, E., Johnson, M.K., Farid, H.: Digital image authentication from JPEG headers. IEEE Trans. Inform. Forens. Sec. 6(3), 1066–1075 (2011)
Lam, E.Y., Goodman, J.W.: A mathematical analysis of the DCT coefficient distributions for images. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing 9(10), 1661–1666 (2000)
Luo, W., Qu, Z., Huang, J., Qiu, G.: A novel method for detecting cropped and recompressed image block. In: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP 2007,vol. 2, pp. II-217-II-220 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2007.366211
Moltisanti, M., Paratore, A., Battiato, S., Saravo, L.: Image manipulation on facebook for forensics evidence. In: Murino, V., Puppo, E. (eds.) ICIAP 2015. LNCS, vol. 9280, pp. 506–517. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23234-8_47
Piva, A.: An overview on image forensics. ISRN Signal Processing 2013, 22 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/496701
Schaefer, G., Stich, M.: UCID: An uncompressed color image database. In: Storage and Retrieval Methods and Applications for Multimedia 2004, vol. 5307, pp. 472–480. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2003)
Stamm, M.C., Wu, M., Liu, K.J.R.: Information forensics: An overview of the first decade. IEEE Access 1, 167–200 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2260814
Verdoliva, L.: Media forensics and deepfakes: an overview. IEEE J. Selected Topics Signal Process. 14(5), 910–932 (2020)
Wallace, G.K.: The JPEG still picture compression standard. Commun. ACM 34(4), 30–44 (1991)
Wu, L., Kong, X., Wang, B., Shang, S.: Image tampering localization via estimating the non-aligned double JPEG compression. In: Alattar, A.M., Memon, N.D., Heitzenrater, C.D. (eds.) Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics 2013, vol. 8665, pp. 260–266. International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE (2013). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2003695
Yao, H., Wei, H., Qin, C., Zhang, X.: An improved first quantization matrix estimation for nonaligned double compressed jpeg images. Signal Process. 170, 107430 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2019.107430, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165168419304827
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Puglisi, G., Battiato, S. (2023). Misalignment Estimation in Non-Aligned Double JPEG Scenario Based on AC Histogram Analysis. In: Rousseau, JJ., Kapralos, B. (eds) Pattern Recognition, Computer Vision, and Image Processing. ICPR 2022 International Workshops and Challenges. ICPR 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13644. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37742-6_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37742-6_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-37741-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-37742-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)
