Abstract
In many real life applications, the volume of available data is insufficient for training deep neural networks. One of the approaches to overcome this obstacle is to introduce symbolic knowledge to assist machine-learning models based on neural networks. In this paper, the problem of enterprise model classification by neural networks is considered to study the potential of the approach mentioned above. A number of experiments are conducted to analyze what level of accuracy can be achieved, how much training data is required and how long the training process takes, when the neural network-based model is trained without symbolic knowledge vs. when different architectures of embedding symbolic knowledge into neural networks are used.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
d’Avila Garcez, A., Lamb, L.C.: Neurosymbolic AI: The 3rd Wave (2020)
Borozanov, V., Hacks, S., Silva, N.: Using machine learning techniques for evaluating the similarity of enterprise architecture models. In: Giorgini, P., Weber, B. (eds.) CAiSE 2019. LNCS, vol. 11483, pp. 563–578. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21290-2_35
Shilov, N., Othman, W., Fellmann, M., Sandkuhl, K.: Machine learning-based enterprise modeling assistance: approach and potentials. In: Serral, E., Stirna, J., Ralyté, J., Grabis, J. (eds.) PoEM 2021. LNBIP, vol. 432, pp. 19–33. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91279-6_2
Shilov, N., Othman, W., Fellmann, M., Sandkuhl, K.: Machine learning for enterprise modeling assistance: an investigation of the potential and proof of concept. Softw. Syst. Model. 22, 619–646 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-022-01077-y
Ultsch, A.: The integration of neural networks with symbolic knowledge processing. In: New Approaches in Classification and Data Analysis, pp 445–454 (1994)
Guest, O., Martin, A.E.: On logical inference over brains, behaviour, and artificial neural networks. Comput. Brain Behav. 6, 213–227 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42113-022-00166-x
Picco, G., Lam, H.T., Sbodio, M.L., Garcia, V.L.: Neural unification for logic reasoning over natural language (2021)
Prabhushankar, M., AlRegib, G.: Introspective learning : a two-stage approach for inference in neural networks (2022)
Mishra, N., Samuel, J.M.: Towards integrating data mining with knowledge-based system for diagnosis of human eye diseases. In: Handbook of Research on Disease Prediction Through Data Analytics and Machine Learning. IGI Global, pp 470–485 (2021)
Wermter, S., Sun, R.: An overview of hybrid neural systems. In: Wermter, S., Sun, R. (eds.) Hybrid Neural Systems 1998. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1778, pp. 1–13. Springer, Heidelberg (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/10719871_1
Pitz, D.W., Shavlik, J.W.: Dynamically adding symbolically meaningful nodes to knowledge-based neural networks. Knowl. Based Syst. 8, 301–311 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(96)81915-0
Arabshahi, F., Singh, S., Anandkumar, A.: Combining symbolic expressions and black-box function evaluations in neural programs (2018)
Xie, Y., Xu, Z., Kankanhalli, M.S., et al.: Embedding symbolic knowledge into deep networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2019)
Hu, Z., Ma, X., Liu, Z., et al.: Harnessing deep neural networks with logic rules (2016)
Prem, E., Mackinger, M., Dorffner, G., Porenta, G., Sochor, H.: Concept support as a method for programming neural networks with symbolic knowledge. In: Jürgen Ohlbach, H. (ed.) GWAI 1992. LNCS, vol. 671, pp. 166–175. Springer, Heidelberg (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0019002
Shavlik, J.W.: Combining symbolic and neural learning. Mach. Learn. 14, 321–331 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993982
Li, Y., Ouyang, S., Zhang, Y.: Combining deep learning and ontology reasoning for remote sensing image semantic segmentation. Knowl. Based Syst. 243, 108469 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2022.108469
Dash, T., Srinivasan, A., Vig, L.: Incorporating symbolic domain knowledge into graph neural networks. Mach. Learn. 110(7), 1609–1636 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-05966-z
Breen, C., Khan, L., Ponnusamy, A.: Image classification using neural networks and ontologies. In: Proceedings. 13th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, pp. 98–102. IEEE (2002)
Xu, J., Zhang, Z., Friedman, T., et al.: A semantic loss function for deep learning with symbolic knowledge. Proc. Mach. Learn. Res. 80, 5502–5511 (2018)
Yang, Z., Ishay, A., Lee, J.: NeurASP: embracing neural networks into answer set programming. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, California, pp. 1755–1762 (2020)
d’Avila, G.A.S., Gabbay, D.M., Ray, O., Woods, J.: Abductive reasoning in neural-symbolic systems. Topoi 26, 37–49 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-006-9005-5
Lai, P., Phan, N., Hu, H., et al.: Ontology-based interpretable machine learning for textual data. In: 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 1–10. IEEE (2020)
Kingma, D.P., Ba, J.: Adam: a method for stochastic optimization (2014)
Acknowledgements
The research is funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project 22-11-00214).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Smirnov, A., Shilov, N., Ponomarev, A. (2023). Facilitating Enterprise Model Classification via Embedding Symbolic Knowledge into Neural Network Models. In: Conte, D., Fred, A., Gusikhin, O., Sansone, C. (eds) Deep Learning Theory and Applications. DeLTA 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1875. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39059-3_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39059-3_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-39058-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-39059-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)