Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases of the 21st century, with more than 500 million people affected. Having tools to estimate blood glucose levels is critical for these patients in their management of the disease. In this work, we present a comparison of three neural network architectures based on long short-term memory (LSTM). Their predictive ability has been evaluated against a longitudinal dataset with continuous glucose level measurements of patients with type 1 diabetes. All models, trained for different prediction horizons of 30, 60, 90 and 180 min, have generally yielded good prediction results. These results are further validated using clinical standards resulting in more than 95% of accurate blood glucose level predictions, mostly leading to correct treatments.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aiello, E.M., Lisanti, G., Magni, L., Musci, M., Toffanin, C.: Therapy-driven deep glucose forecasting. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 87, 103255 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2019.103255
Allam, F., Nossai, Z., Gomma, H., Ibrahim, I., Abdelsalam, M.: A recurrent neural network approach for predicting glucose concentration in type-1 diabetic patients. In: Iliadis, L., Jayne, C. (eds.) AIAI/EANN -2011. IAICT, vol. 363, pp. 254–259. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23957-1_29
Bach, K., Bunescu, R., Marling, C., Wiratunga, N.: Preface the 5th international workshop on knowledge discovery in healthcare data (KDH). In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 2675, pp. 1–4 (2020)
Clarke, W.L., Cox, D., Gonder-Frederick, L.A., Carter, W., Pohl, S.L.: Evaluating clinical accuracy of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 10(5), 622–628 (1987). https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.10.5.622
Gia, T.N., et al.: IoT-based continuous glucose monitoring system: a feasibility study. Procedia Comput. Sci. 109, 327–334 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.359
Idriss, T., Idri, A., Abnane, I., Bakkoury, Z.: Predicting blood glucose using an LSTM neural network. In: Proceedings of the Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, vol. 18, pp. 35–41 (2019)
International Diabetes Federation: IDF Diabetes Atlas. International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium, 10 edn (2021). https://www.diabetesatlas.org
Khadem, H., Nemat, H., Elliott, J., Benaissa, M.: Multi-lag stacking for blood glucose level prediction. In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 2675, pp. 146–150 (2020)
Levy, D.: Type 1 Diabetes. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2016)
Marling, C., Bunescu, R.: The OhioT1DM dataset for blood glucose level prediction: update 2020. In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 2675, pp. 71–74 (2020)
Mayo, M., Koutny, T.: Neural multi-class classification approach to blood glucose level forecasting with prediction uncertainty visualisation. In: Proceedings of 5th International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in Healthcare Data (KDH 2020), vol. 2675, pp. 80–84. Santiago de Compostela, Spain (2020)
Mirshekarian, S., Bunescu, R., Marling, C., Schwartz, F.: Using LSTMs to learn physiological models of blood glucose behavior. In: 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pp. 2887–2891 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2017.8037460
Mirshekarian, S., Shen, H., Bunescu, R., Marling, C.: LSTMs and neural attention models for blood glucose prediction: comparative experiments on real and synthetic data. In: 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pp. 706–712 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856940
Munoz-Organero, M.: Deep physiological model for blood glucose prediction in T1DM patients. Sensors 20(14), 3896 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143896
Rodriguez-León, C., et al.: T1DiabetesGranada: a longitudinal multi-modal dataset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (2023). https://osf.io/vd45b/. Accessed 31 Mar 2023
Rubin-Falcone, H., Fox, I., Wiens, J.: Deep residual time-series forecasting: application to blood glucose prediction. In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 2675, pp. 105–109 (2020)
Sun, Q., Jankovic, M., Bally, L., Mougiakakou, S.: Predicting blood glucose with an LSTM and Bi-LSTM based deep neural network. In: 2018 14th Symposium on Neural Networks and Applications (NEUREL), pp. 1–5 (2018)
Tena, F., Garnica, O., Lanchares, J., Hidalgo, J.I.: Ensemble models of cutting-edge deep neural networks for blood glucose prediction in patients with diabetes. Sensors 21(21), 7090 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217090
Tresp, V., Briegel, T., Moody, J.: Neural-network models for the blood glucose metabolism of a diabetic. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks 10(5), 1204–1213 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1109/72.788659
Acknowledgements
This research has been funded by the Andalusian Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities under grant P20_00163.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rodriguez Leon, C., Banos, O., Fernandez Mora, O., Martinez Bedmar, A., Rufo Jimenez, F., Villalonga, C. (2023). Prediction of Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes via LSTM Neural Networks. In: Rojas, I., Joya, G., Catala, A. (eds) Advances in Computational Intelligence. IWANN 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14134. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43085-5_45
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43085-5_45
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-43084-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-43085-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)