Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and among the top leading causes of death among women all around the world. An early diagnosis is extremely critical, and in-time treatments can greatly help to prevent the cancer cells from spreading. Mammography, MRI, biopsy, ultrasound, etc., are recognized as effective imaging tests for breast cancer. However, the diagnosis entirely depends on the experience and expertise of the radiologist. In the last decade, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed as a secondary reference to provide an objective analysis of medical images. With the help of deep learning (DL) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the accuracy of intelligent systems on image tasks has been perpetually improved. In this work, we specifically focus on the breast ultrasound image classification task. We apply transfer learning to four widely used backbone CNN architectures in the medical image classification field: AlexNet, ResNet-18, ResNet-50, and VGG16. They are fine-tuned on carefully constructed noisy datasets, and the test results suggest that they all acquire remarkable noise resistance, and this immunity is almost invariant to noise intensity. We systematically formalize our methodology as a dual-stage noise training scheme and provide empirical parameter configurations for each backbone CNN. This scheme enjoys being simple, effective, and universal. We believe this study will benefit the development of the robust design of DL models in the medical area.
This work was partially supported by the Philip and Virginia Sproul Professorship.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Young, J.: SEER summary staging manual 2000: codes and coding instructions. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (2001)
Wang, Y., Ge, X., Ma, H., Qi, S., Zhang, G., Yao, Y.: Deep learning in medical ultrasound image analysis: a review. IEEE Access 9, 54310–54324 (2021)
Liu, S., et al.: Deep learning in medical ultrasound analysis: a review. Engineering 5, 261–275 (2019)
Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L., Li, K., Fei-Fei, L.: Imagenet: a large-scale hierarchical image database. In: 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 248–255 (2009)
Russakovsky, O., et al.: Imagenet large scale visual recognition challenge. Int. J. Comput. Vision 115, 211–252 (2015)
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 770–778 (2016)
Bian, Y., Somani, A.: An effective two-stage noise training methodology for classification of breast ultrasound images. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management - KDIR, pp. 83–94 (2022)
Kim, H., Cosa-Linan, A., Santhanam, N., Jannesari, M., Maros, M., Ganslandt, T.: Transfer learning for medical image classification: a literature review. BMC Med. Imaging 22, 1–13 (2022)
Ayana, G., Park, J., Jeong, J., Choe, S.: A novel multistage transfer learning for ultrasound breast cancer image classification. Diagnostics 12, 135 (2022)
Wang, X., et al.: UD-MIL: uncertainty-driven deep multiple instance learning for OCT image classification. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 24, 3431–3442 (2020)
Bhateja, V., Srivastava, A., Singh, G., Singh, J.: A modified speckle suppression algorithm for breast ultrasound images using directional filters. In: ICT and Critical Infrastructure: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Convention of Computer Society of India-Vol II, pp. 219–226 (2014)
Li, X., Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., Wei, Y.: Fast speckle noise suppression algorithm in breast ultrasound image using three-dimensional deep learning. Front. Physiol. 13, 698 (2022)
Tan, M., Le, Q.: Efficientnetv2: smaller models and faster training. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 10096–10106 (2021)
Szegedy, C., Vanhoucke, V., Ioffe, S., Shlens, J., Wojna, Z.: Rethinking the inception architecture for computer vision. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2818–2826 (2016)
Sezer, A., Sezer, H.: Deep convolutional neural network-based automatic classification of neonatal hip ultrasound images: a novel data augmentation approach with speckle noise reduction. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 46, 735–749 (2020)
Sudharson, S., Kokil, P.: An ensemble of deep neural networks for kidney ultrasound image classification. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 197, 105709 (2020)
Dainty, J.: Laser Speckle and Related Phenomena. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43205-1
Al-Dhabyani, W., Gomaa, M., Khaled, H., Fahmy, A.: Dataset of breast ultrasound images. Data Brief 28, 104863 (2020)
Rasham, N., Abbas, H., Abdul Razaq, A., Mohamad, H.: Simulation of speckle noise using image processing techniques. In: Computer Networks and Inventive Communication Technologies, pp. 489–501 (2022)
Badawy, S., Mohamed, A., Hefnawy, A., Zidan, H., GadAllah, M., El-Banby, G.: Automatic semantic segmentation of breast tumors in ultrasound images based on combining fuzzy logic and deep learning-a feasibility study. PLoS ONE 16, e0251899 (2021)
Buda, M., Maki, A., Mazurowski, M.: A systematic study of the class imbalance problem in convolutional neural networks. Neural Netw. 106, 249–259 (2018)
Ling, C., Li, C.: Data mining for direct marketing: problems and solutions. In: KDD 1998, pp. 73–79 (1998)
Nawaz, W., Ahmed, S., Tahir, A., Khan, H.: Classification of breast cancer histology images using ALEXNET. In: International Conference Image Analysis and Recognition, pp. 869–876 (2018)
Masud, M., et al.: Pre-trained convolutional neural networks for breast cancer detection using ultrasound images. ACM Trans. Internet Technol. (TOIT) 21, 1–17 (2021)
Jiang, Y., Chen, L., Zhang, H., Xiao, X.: Breast cancer histopathological image classification using convolutional neural networks with small SE-ResNet module. PLoS ONE 14, e0214587 (2019)
Al-Haija, Q., Adebanjo, A.: Breast cancer diagnosis in histopathological images using ResNet-50 convolutional neural network. In: 2020 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS), pp. 1–7 (2020)
Virmani, J., Agarwal, R., et al.: Deep feature extraction and classification of breast ultrasound images. Multimedia Tools Appl. 79, 27257–27292 (2020)
Yap, M., et al.: Breast ultrasound region of interest detection and lesion localisation. Artif. Intell. Med. 107, 101880 (2020)
Moon, W., Lee, Y., Ke, H., Lee, S., Huang, C., Chang, R.: Computer-aided diagnosis of breast ultrasound images using ensemble learning from convolutional neural networks. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 190, 105361 (2020)
Jahangeer, G., Rajkumar, T.: Early detection of breast cancer using hybrid of series network and VGG-16. Multimedia Tools Appl. 80, 7853–7886 (2021)
Albashish, D., Al-Sayyed, R., Abdullah, A., Ryalat, M., Almansour, N.: Deep CNN model based on VGG16 for breast cancer classification. In: 2021 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), pp. 805–810 (2021)
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.: Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 25 (2012)
Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv Preprint arXiv:1409.1556 (2014)
Taha, A., Hanbury, A.: Metrics for evaluating 3D medical image segmentation: analysis, selection, and tool. BMC Med. Imaging 15, 1–28 (2015)
Acknowledgements
The research reported in this paper in part was funded by the Philip and Virginia Sproul Professorship at Iowa State University. The computing for this research was supported by HPC@ISU equipment mostly purchased through funding provided by the NSF grants numbers MRI 1726447 and MRI 2018594. All opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bian, Y., Somani, A.K. (2023). A Dual-Stage Noise Training Scheme for Breast Ultrasound Image Classification. In: Coenen, F., et al. Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. IC3K 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1842. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43471-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43471-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-43470-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-43471-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)