Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modelling Interactions: Digital and Physical

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Formal Methods for an Informal World (ICTAC 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 13490))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 101 Accesses

Abstract

The first part of this chapter gives a lightening introduction to the use of formal methods in human–computer interaction. This includes an overview of the kinds of models, and typical domains where techniques are currently applied. It then outlines some of the potential future directions for the field. The second part focuses on a specific area, the formal specification and analysis of systems that have both physical and digital aspects. This includes the use of physigrams, an extension of finite state networks for describing interactions with physical devices such as hand-held controllers. It also describes how formal analysis contributed to the design of an internet-enabled ‘café open’ sign – IoT in action!.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://tireetechwave.org/.

References

  1. Crabtree, A., Urquhart, L., Chen, J.: Right to an explanation considered harmful. Edinburgh School of Law Research Paper Forthcoming (2019). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3384790

  2. Demopoulos, A.: ‘Scanners are complicated’: why Gen Z faces workplace ‘tech shame’. BBC News, 28 February 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/27/gen-z-tech-shame-office-technology-printers

  3. Dix, A.: Information processing, context and privacy. In: Human-Computer Interaction, INTERACT 1990, pp. 15–20. IFIP, North-Holland (1990). https://alandix.com/academic/papers/int90/

  4. Dix, A.: Formal Methods for Interactive Systems. Academic Press (1991). https://alandix.com/books/formal/

  5. Dix, A.: Human issues in the use of pattern recognition techniques. In: Beale, R., Finlay, J. (eds.) Neural Networks and Pattern Recognition in Human Computer Interaction, pp. 429–451. Ellis Horwood (1992). https://alandix.com/academic/papers/neuro92/

  6. Dix, A.: Beyond intention - pushing boundaries with incidental interaction. In: Proceedings of Building Bridges: Interdisciplinary Context-Sensitive Computing, Glasgow University, 9 September 2002 (2002). https://alandix.com/academic/papers/beyond-intention-2002/

  7. Dix, A.: Designing for appropriation. In: Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference University of Lancaster, HCI 2007, UK, pp. 1–4 (2007). https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2007.53. https://alandix.com/academic/papers/HCI2007-appropriation/

  8. Dix, A.: A shifting boundary: the dynamics of internal cognition and the web as external representation. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Web Science Conference, pp. 9:1–9:8 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1145/2527031.2527056

  9. Dix, A.: Mental geography, wonky maps and a long way ahead. In: GeoHCI, Workshop on Geography and HCI, CHI 2013 (2013). http://alandix.com/academic/papers/GeoHCI2013/

  10. Dix, A.: Deep digitality: fate, fiat, and foundry. Interactions 26(1), 20–21 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3289427

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Dix, A.: Sufficient reason. Keynote at HCD for Intelligent Environments, BHCI, Belfast, 3 July 2018. https://alandix.com/academic/talks/sufficient-reason-2018/

  12. Dix, A.: Artificial Intelligence for Human-Computer Interaction. CRC/Taylor &Francis (2024). https://alandix.com/ai4hci/

  13. Dix, A., Gill, S.: Physical computing \(|\) When digital systems meet the real world. In: Filimowicz, M., Tzankova, V. (eds.) New Directions in Third Wave Human-Computer Interaction: Volume 1 - Technologies. HIS, pp. 123–144. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73356-2_8

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Dix, A., Gill, S., Hare, J., Ramduny Ellis, D.: TouchIT: Understanding Design in a Physical-Digital World. Oxford University Press (2022). https://physicality.org/TouchIT/

  15. Dix, A., Mancini, R., Levialdi, S.: The cube – extending systems for undo. In: Proceedings of DSVIS 1997, pp. 473–495. Eurographics (1997). https://alandix.com/academic/papers/dsvis97/§

    Google Scholar 

  16. Dix, A., Runciman, C.: Abstract models of interactive systems. In: Johnson, P., Cook, S. (eds.) People and Computers: Designing the Interface, pp. 13–22. Cambridge University Press (1985). https://alandix.com/academic/papers/PIE85/

  17. Dix, A., Weyers, B., Bowen, J., Palanque, P.: Trends and gaps. In: Weyers, B., Bowen, J., Dix, A., Palanque, P. (eds.) The Handbook of Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction. HIS, pp. 65–88. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51838-1_3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. European Parliament and of the Council of Europe: Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive (General Data Protection Regulation), 27 April 2016. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj

  19. Gardner, H., Davis, K.: The App Generation: How Today’s Youth Navigate Identity, Intimacy, and Imagination in a Digital World. Yale University Press (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mancini, R.: Modelling interactive computing by exploiting the undo. Ph.D. thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” (1997). dottorato di Ricerca in Informatica, IX-97-5

    Google Scholar 

  21. Norman, D.A.: The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books, Inc., USA (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Palanque, P.: Ten objectives and ten rules for designing automations in interaction techniques, user interfaces and interactive systems. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3399715.3400872

  23. Sannella, D.: Semantics, Implementation and pragmatics of clear, a program specification language. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh (1982). Report CST-17-82

    Google Scholar 

  24. Schmidt, A.: Interactive human centered artificial intelligence: a definition and research challenges. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3399715.3400873

  25. Shneiderman, B.: Human-centered artificial intelligence: reliable, safe and trustworthy. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 36(6), 495–504 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1741118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Simm, W., et al.: Tiree energy pulse: exploring renewable energy forecasts on the edge of the grid. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2015, pp. 1965–1974. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702285

  27. Spivey, J.M.: The Z Notation: A Reference Manual. Prentice-Hall, Inc., USA (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Van Mierlo, S., Van Tendeloo, Y., Meyers, B., Vangheluwe, H.: Domain-specific modelling for human-computer interaction. In: Weyers, B., Bowen, J., Dix, A., Palanque, P. (eds.) The Handbook of Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction. HIS, pp. 435–463. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51838-1_16

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Weichel, C., Hardy, J., Alexander, J., Gellersen, H.: ReForm: integrating physical and digital design through bidirectional fabrication. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST 2015, November 2015, pp. 93–102. ACM (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2807442.2807451

  30. Weyers, B., Bowen, J., Dix, A., Palanque, P. (eds.): The Handbook of Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction. HIS, 1st edn. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51838-1

    Book  Google Scholar 

  31. Winter, E., Forshaw, S., Ferrario, M.A.: Measuring human values in software engineering. In: Proceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, ESEM 2018, Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3239235.3267427

  32. Zhou, W., Reisinger, J., Peer, A., Hirche, S.: Interaction-based dynamic measurement of haptic characteristics of control elements. In: Auvray, M., Duriez, C. (eds.) EUROHAPTICS 2014. LNCS, vol. 8618, pp. 177–184. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44193-0_23

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Computational Foundry/Ffowndri Gyfrifiadol, Swansea University, Wales, UK

    Alan Dix

  2. Cardiff Metropolitan University, Wales, UK

    Alan Dix

Authors
  1. Alan Dix
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alan Dix .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan

    Antonio Cerone

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dix, A. (2023). Modelling Interactions: Digital and Physical. In: Cerone, A. (eds) Formal Methods for an Informal World. ICTAC 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13490. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43678-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43678-9_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-43677-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-43678-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation