Abstract
The Routing Protocol for low-power and lossy Networks (RPL) is the established standard for packet-level communications in the Internet of Things (IoT). The efficiency of point-to-point (P2P) communications in RPL relies on the mode of operation employed by the network nodes. Hybrid modes of operation (MOP) have gained attention as they combine the advantages of both standard non-storing and storing operation modes. However, existing hybrid MOPs have struggled to achieve a balance between reduced communication overhead and storage overhead. To address this, we propose the application of the 2-colorable graph property to enable a hybrid mode of operation among IoT network nodes. By mapping the two-colorable property to the standard MOPs, we conduct experiments comparing the proposed hybrid MOP with existing approaches. Results demonstrate that our proposed hybrid MOP achieves a significant balance between storing and non-storing nodes, while also exhibiting improved average path length compared to existing hybrid MOPs. This research contributes to optimizing P2P communications in RPL-based IoT networks and highlights the potential benefits of utilizing the 2-colorable graph property in achieving an efficient hybrid mode of operation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Brandt, A., et al.: RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks. RFC 6550, March 2012. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550
Gan, W., Shi, Z., Zhang, C., Sun, L., Ionescu, D.: MERPL: a more memory-efficient storing mode in RPL. In: 2013 19th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON), pp. 1–5. IEEE, Singapore (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICON.2013.6781985
Imteaj, A., Thakker, U., Wang, S., Li, J., Amini, M.H.: A survey on federated learning for resource-constrained IoT devices. IEEE Internet Things J. 9(1), 1–24 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3095077
Kalita, A., Khatua, M.: 6TiSCH-IPv6 enabled open stack IoT network formation: a review. ACM Trans. Internet Things 3(3), 1–36 (2022)
Kiraly, C., Istomin, T., Iova, O., Picco, G.P.: D-RPL: overcoming memory limitations in RPL point-to-multipoint routing. In: 2015 IEEE 40th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), pp. 157–160. IEEE, Clearwater Beach, FL, USA (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/LCN.2015.7366295
Ko, J., Jeong, J., Park, J., Jun, J.A., Gnawali, O., Paek, J.: DualMOP-RPL: supporting multiple modes of downward routing in a single RPL network. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. 11(2), 39:1–39:20 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2700261
Lee, S., Jeong, Y., Moon, E., Kim, D.: An efficient MOP decision method using hop interval for RPL-based underwater sensor networks. Wireless Pers. Commun. 93(4), 1027–1041 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-3964-2
Mishra, A.K., Singh, O., Kumar, A., Puthal, D.: Hybrid mode of operations for RPL in IoT: a systematic survey. IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage. 19(3), 3574–3586 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2022.3159241
Mishra, A.K., Singh, O., Kumar, A., Puthal, D., Sharma, P.K., Pradhan, B.: Hybrid mode of operation schemes for P2P communication to analyze end-point individual behaviour in IoT. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. 19(2), 1–23 (2022)
Mishra, P., Puthal, D., Tiwary, M., Mohanty, S.P.: Software defined IoT systems: properties, state of the art, and future research. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 26(6), 64–71 (2019)
Mishra, S.K., Puthal, D., Sahoo, B., Sharma, S., Xue, Z., Zomaya, A.Y.: Energy-efficient deployment of edge dataenters for mobile clouds in sustainable IoT. IEEE Access 6, 56587–56597 (2018)
Oh, S., Hwang, D., Kim, K., Kim, K.H.: A hybrid mode to enhance the downward route performance in routing protocol for low power and lossy networks. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. 14, 155014771877253 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147718772533
Sahoo, B., Rath, S., Puthal, D.: Energy efficient protocols for wireless sensor networks: a survey and approach. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 44(18), 43–48 (2012)
Vasseur, J., Kim, M., Pister, K., Dejean, N., Barthel, D.: Routing Metrics Used for Path Calculation in Low-Power and Lossy Networks. RFC 6551, March 2012. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6551
Vilajosana, X., Watteyne, T., Chang, T., Vučinić, M., Duquennoy, S., Thubert, P.: IETF 6TiSCH: a tutorial. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 22(1), 595–615 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2019.2939407
Vyas, K., Sengupta, J., Bit, S.D.: ARPL: supporting adaptive mixing of RPL modes to overcome memory overflow. In: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems (iSES) (Formerly iNiS), pp. 124–129. IEEE, Hyderabad, India (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/iSES.2018.00035
Acknowledgment
The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. This publication is based upon work supported by Khalifa University under Award No. FSU-2022-018.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mishra, A.K., Khatik, S., Puthal, D. (2024). A 2-Colorable DODAG Structured Hybrid Mode of Operations Architecture for RPL Protocol to Reduce Communication Overhead. In: Puthal, D., Mohanty, S., Choi, BY. (eds) Internet of Things. Advances in Information and Communication Technology. IFIPIoT 2023. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 684. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45882-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45882-8_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-45881-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-45882-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)