Abstract
Blockchain has been widely applied these years. As its volume of data is greatly increasing, it is necessary to shard the data to utilize hardward storage efficiently. After sharding, however, the validated data are stored in different nodes and read cross-shardingly, which is inefficient because of extra communication time. To solve this problem, the authors use the Mp-tree (Merkle Path Tree) structure to replace the Merkle tree in the traditional blockchain, and then shard the blocks according to the Mp-tree architecture. The Mp-tree can validate the accuracy of data to avoid cross-sharding so as to improve the efficiency of validation. It has some advantages: first, it can reduce the volume of storage space by fine-grained slicing; second, it can improve the validation efficiency of blockchain slicing by independent validation. This study demonstrates that our design can optimize the generation efficiency in existing sharding systems, and also exploiting its independent verification feature to improve verification efficiency.
This research was partially supported by the National Key R &D Program of China (No.2022YFB4500800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62072089) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Nos.N2116016,N2104001, N2019007).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Maiyya, S., Zakhary, V., Agrawal, D., Abbadi, A.E.: Database and distributed computing fundamentals for scalable, fault-tolerant, and consistent maintenance of blockchains. ACM VLDB 11(12), 2098–2101 (2018)
Han, S., Xu, Z., Zeng, Y., Chen, L.: Fluid: A Blockchain Based Framework for Crowdsourcing. In: ACM SIGMOD, pp. 1921–1924 (2019)
Ali, M., Nelson, J.C., Shea, R., Freedman, M.J.: Blockstack: a global naming and storage system secured by blockchains. In: USENIX ATC, pp. 181–194 (2016)
Nakamoto, S.: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-peer Electronic Cash System (2008)
Buterin, V., et al.: Ethereum white paper (2014). https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/White-Paper
Zeng, S.: Survey of blockchain: principle, progress and application. J. Commun. 41(1), 134–151 (2020)
Blockchain. Blockchain speeds and the scalability debate. https://blocksplain.com/2018/02/28/transaction-speeds/
Hong, Z., Guo, S., Li, P., Wuhui, C.: Pyramid: a layered sharding blockchain system. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, pp. 1–10 (2021)
Al-Bassam, M., Sonnino, A., Bano, S., Hrycyszyn, D., Danezis, G.: Chainspace: a sharded smart contracts platform. In: Proceedings of 25th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, pp. 1–15 (2018)
Tao, Y., Li, B., Jiang, J., Ng, H.C., Wang, C., Li, B.: On sharding open blockchains with smart contracts. In: Proceedings of IEEE 36th International Conference on Data Engineering, pp. 1357–1368 (2020)
Li, S., Yu, M., Yang, C.-S., Avestimehr, A.S., Kannan, S., Viswanath, P.: PolyShard: coded sharding achieves linearly scaling efficiency and security simultaneously. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium of Information Theory, pp. 203–208 (2020)
Wang, G., Shi, Z.J., Nixon, M., et al.: SoK: sharding on blockchain. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, pp. 41–61 (2019)
Chen, J., Li, Z.H., Gao, D.X., et al.: A sliced load balancing approach using state imputation. Comput. Sci. 49(11), 302–308
Xu, Z., Han, S., Chen, L.: CUB, a consensus unit-based storage scheme for blockchain system. In: 2018 IEEE 34th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), pp. 173–184. IEEE (2018)
Wang, J., Wang, H.: Monoxide: scale out blockchains with asynchronous consensus zones. In: 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 19), pp. 95–112 (2019)
Dang, H., Dinh, T.T.A., Loghin, D., et al.: Towards scaling blockchain systems via sharding. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Management of Data, pp. 123–140 (2019)
Qi, X., Zhang, Z., Jin, C., et al.: BFT-Store: storage partition for permissioned blockchain via erasure coding. In: 2020 IEEE 36th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), pp. 1926–1929. IEEE (2020)
Xu, C., Zhang, C.: vChain+: optimizing verifiable blockchain Boolean range queries. In: Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE) (2022)
Jason, T., ReitwieBner, C.: A scalable verification solution for blockchains. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.04756 (2019)
Schwartz, D., Youngs, N., Britto, A.: The ripple protocol consensus algorithm. Ripple Labs Inc White Paper 5(8), 151 (2014)
Cai, Z., Liang, J., Chen, W., et al.: Benzene: scaling blockchain with cooperation-based sharding. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 34(2), 639–654 (2022)
Pirlea, G., Kumar, A., Sergey, I.: Practical smart contract sharding with ownership and commutativity analysis. In: Proceedings of 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, pp. 1327–1341 (2021)
Zestaken, ZJChain. Block https://github.com/zestaken/BlockChainDemo
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wen, L., Wang, Z., Cui, T., Shi, C., Li, B., Yao, Z. (2023). A Fine-Grained Verification Method for Blockchain Data Based on Merkle Path Sharding. In: Yang, X., et al. Advanced Data Mining and Applications. ADMA 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 14179. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46674-8_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46674-8_43
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-46673-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-46674-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)