Abstract
Although electromagnetic braille displays have fast response, reliable performance, and low price, they also have high power consumption and are susceptible to heat generation. For the development of a braille display, in this paper, we propose a solution based on an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system(ANFIS). First, we analyze and optimize the driving voltage of the electromagnetic driver, the resistance value of the electromagnetic coil, the fingertip touch support force, and the operation temperature of the device, and we describe the development of a prototype of an electromagnetic braille display with a hierarchical structure. We verified experimentally that the device developed in this study can provide a fingertip touch support force of more than 150 mN, with a contact response frequency of 35.8 Hz, while maintaining a temperature of 32\(^\circ \)C, which is suitable for fingertip contact after a long operational period. In addition, the correct display rate of the braille characters can reach 100%. All of these specifications meet the design requirements and can provide users with an optimal braille reading.
This paper is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF0600203); the Key Research Project of the Zhejiang Lab (K2022PG1BB01,2022MG0AC04); the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LY20F020019, LQ19F020012); the Zhejiang Basic Public Welfare Research Project (LGF19E050005).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
World health organization, Global data on visual impairments 2010. Accessed 28 Dec 2020. https://www.who.int/blindness/GLOBALDATAFINALforweb.pdf
Xie, X., Zaitsev, Y., Velásquez-García, L.F., et al.: Scalable, MEMS-enabled, vibrational tactile actuators for high resolution tactile display. J. Micromechan. Microeng. 24(12), 125014 (2014)
Metec, A.: Braille-cell B11. https://www.metec-ag.de/downloads/b11-rohs.pdf. Accessed 13 Dec 2021
Voelkel, T., Weber, G., Baumann, U.: Computers Helping People with Special Needs. In: International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons, Linz, Austria, July. 9–11, pp. 835–842(2008)
Russomanno, A., O’Modhrain, S., Gillespie, R. B., et al.: Refreshing refreshable braille displays. IEEE Trans. Haptics. 8(3), 287–297 (2015)
Wu, X., Kim, S., Zhu, H., et al.: A refreshable braille cell based on pneumatic microbubble actuators. J. Microelectromech. Syst. 21(4), 908–916 (2012)
Russomanno, A., Gillespie, R. B., O’Modhrain, S., et al.: Modeling pneumatic actuators for a refreshable tactile display. In: International Conference on Human Haptic Sensing and Touch Enabled Computer Applications, Versailles, France, June. 24–26, pp. 385–393 (2014)
Besse, N., Rosset, S., Zárate, J.J., Ferrari, E., et al.: Understanding graphics on a scalable latching assistive haptic display using a shape memory polymer membrane. IEEE Trans. Haptics 11(1), 30–38 (2018)
Matsunaga, T., Totsu, K., Esashi, M., et al.: Tactile display using shape memory alloy microcoil actuator and magnetic latch mechanism. Displays 34(2), 89–94 (2013)
Masuyama, S., Kawamura., A.: A novel electromagnetic linear actuator with inner and outer stators and one moving winding for tactile display. In: IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, Taipei Taiwan, China, May. 26, pp. 628–633 (2016)
Izhar, U., Albermani, F., Preethichandra, D.M.G., Sul, J., van Rensburg, P.A.J.: An electrothermally actuated MEMS braille dot. In: Wang, C.M., Ho, J.C.M., Kitipornchai, S. (eds.) ACMSM25. LNCE, vol. 37, pp. 985–993. Springer, Singapore (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7603-0_93
Chakraborti, P., Toprakci, H., Yang, D., et al.: A compact dielectric elastomer tubular actuator for refreshable braille display. Sens. Actuators A-Phys. 179, 151–157 (2012)
Qu, X., Ma, X., Shi, B., et al.: Refreshable braille display system based on triboelectric nanogenerator and dielectric elastomer. Adv. Func. Mater. 31, 2006612 (2021)
VersaBraille. https://www.aph.org/. Accessed Jan 2022
Kim, J., Han, B.K., Pyo, D., Ryu, S., et al.: Braille display for portable device using flip-latch structured electromagnetic actuator. IEEE Trans. Haptics 13(1), 59–65 (2021)
Runyan, N.H., Carpi, F.: Seeking the ‘holy Braille’ display: might electromechanically active polymers be the solution. Expert Rev. Med. Devices 8(5), 529–532 (2011)
Zarate, J.J., Shea, H.: Using pot-magnets to enable stable and scalable electromagnetic tactile displays. IEEE Trans. Haptics 10(1), 106–112 (2017)
Blazie, D.: Refreshable Braille now and in the years ahead, Braille Monitor 43(1). https://www.nfb.org/Images/nfb/Publications/bm/bm00/bm0001/bm000110.htm. Accessed Jan 2022
Chinese Braille, GB/T 15720–2008. https://www.bzko.com/std/180890.html. Accessed Jan 2022
King, H. H., Donlin, R., Hannaford, B.: Perceptual thresholds for single vs. multi-finger haptic interaction. In: 2010 IEEE Haptics Symposium, 08 April, pp. 95–99 (2010)
Dosher, J., Hannaford, B.: Human interaction with small haptic effects. Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 14(3), 329–344 (2005)
Louw, S., Kappers, A.M.L., Koenderink, J.J.: Active haptic detection and discrimination of shape. Perception Psychophys. 64(7), 1108–1119 (2002)
Dewhirst, M.W., Viglianti, B.L., Lora-Michiels, M., Hanson, M., Hoopes, P.J.: Basic principles of thermal dosimetry and thermal thresholds for tissue damage from hyperthermia. Int. J. Hyperthermia 19(3), 267–294 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Liu, C., Jin, Z., Chen, K., Tao, W., Liang, H., Yang, W. (2023). Optimal Design of Braille Display Based on Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference. In: Wang, D., et al. Haptic Interaction. AsiaHaptics 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14063. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46839-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46839-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-46838-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-46839-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)