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A Scoping Review of Mental Model Research in HCI from 2010 to 2021

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HCI International 2023 – Late Breaking Papers (HCII 2023)

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Abstract

Research on mental models has been ongoing in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) since the 1980s. A mental model derives from humans’ perception, memories, knowledge, and causal beliefs about the external reality, mediating how they describe, explain, and predict the world surrounding them. By understanding users’ mental models of a target system, designers can improve the learnability and usability of a system via a better interface. Although understanding mental models is important for interface design, unfortunately understanding what is meant by the term ‘mental model’ can be a challenge. The field has historically been plagued by inconsistent usage of the term, as pointed out by prior researchers. It has been some time since the last comprehensive evaluation of HCI-related mental model research. This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature on mental model research in HCI from 2010 to 2021, exploring aspects such as where research has been conducted, by whom, on what, using which methods, and for which purposes. The findings suggest a growing diversity in approach, with new perspectives and methodologies being introduced. Our review was initiated by a desire to understand the state of the art of mental models research, and sustained by a sense of confusion about the different ways that different researchers used the term. We hope that it will help people new to the field to make sense of the rich, diverse, but at times rather confusing ways that the term ‘mental model’ is used in HCI research.

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  1. School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61820, USA

    Xinhui Hu & Michael Twidale

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  1. Xinhui Hu
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Open University of Japan, Chiba, Japan

    Masaaki Kurosu

  2. Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan

    Ayako Hashizume

  3. Aaron Marcus and Associates, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Aaron Marcus

  4. World Usability Day and Bubble Mountain Consulting, Newton Center, MA, USA

    Elizabeth Rosenzweig

  5. Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China

    Marcelo M. Soares

  6. Coventry University, Coventry, UK

    Don Harris

  7. Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK

    Wen-Chin Li

  8. Soar Technology Inc., Orlando, FL, USA

    Dylan D. Schmorrow

  9. Katmai Government Services, Orlando, FL, USA

    Cali M. Fidopiastis

  10. Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

    Pei-Luen Patrick Rau

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Hu, X., Twidale, M. (2023). A Scoping Review of Mental Model Research in HCI from 2010 to 2021. In: Kurosu, M., et al. HCI International 2023 – Late Breaking Papers. HCII 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14054. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48038-6_7

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