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The Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Design Concept Ideation: Case Study on Lightweight Two-Wheeled Vehicles

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HCI International 2023 – Late Breaking Papers (HCII 2023)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14059))

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Abstract

This study explores the impact of Midjourney, a text-to-image generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool, on lightweight two-wheeled vehicle design practices. The focus is on design creativity and practical feasibility. Six sets of prompts were used with Midjourney to generate lightweight two-wheeled vehicle concept ideas. To maintain conceptual ambiguity and flexibility during the early stages of design development, specific and conventional sub-categories of transportation vehicles were gradually obscured, while prompts describing the new design framework and component attributes were introduced progressively. Expert evaluations were conducted by ten bicycle or motorcycle design practitioners, who assessed creativity and practical feasibility using Likert scales and qualitative assessments. ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in prompt implementation and creativity among the three concept ideas. Qualitative evaluations highlighted several challenges, including difficulties in assessing creativity when framework errors occur, excessive divergence in AI-generated content without the guidance of a clear conventional frame, the challenge for designers to keep pace with the fast and high-quality development efficiency of the AI tool, and AI’s limitations in judging feasibility and safety related to human factors. The study suggests the need for improved precision in prompt wording and enhancing the AI’s understanding of transportation design terminology. Generative AI still faces challenges in effectively supporting innovative design practices, particularly in addressing new framework details, component conflicts, and understanding professional terminology. Therefore, expert judgment and refinement remain crucial in the overall development phase. Furthermore, uncertainties persist concerning potential patent issues.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan grant number NSTC 111-2410-H-011-042.

Conflicts of Interest.

The author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, 106335, Taiwan

    Shih-Hung Cheng

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  1. Shih-Hung Cheng
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shih-Hung Cheng .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Siemens Corporation, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Helmut Degen

  2. Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    Stavroula Ntoa

  3. San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA

    Abbas Moallem

Appendix (Full Prompts for Midjourney V4)

Appendix (Full Prompts for Midjourney V4)

No.

Full prompts

1

A futuristic electric downhill bike. The main frame, including the top tube, down tube, and seat tube, is made of carbon fiber reinforced resin composite made by Integral molding. The surface has the texture of carbon fiber. The sections of these main structures are diamond cross-shaped. The rest of the skeleton, including the seat stay, chain stay, fork, stem, and handlebar are all made of titanium, showing a titanium texture. There are obvious joints at the junction of the main frame and the rest of the frame, and these joints are circular tubes and show a red chrome-plated metal texture. Its fork is twice the length and twice the diameter of the general downhill bicycle fork. The spokes of the two wheels present a radial shape of generative design and present a golden polished texture. The rim of the wheel is three times larger than the normal one, presenting fog black. The surface of the tire is A three-dimensional diamond-shaped shape forming a derivative design. The battery box is a long cuboid, bright orange, and is placed under the seat cushion. A small plane extends horizontally from the chainstay. The rear shock absorber connects the main frame and seat stay, and displays a super bright white titanium metal texture

2

A light-duty personal two-wheeled armored transportation facility completed by metal 3D printing. It has two wheels, every 26 inches in diameter, with one wheel at the front of the facility and the other wheel at the rear. The wheels are equipped with widened and thickened polymer material tires, and the surface of the tires is combined with the metal long cleats of football shoes. The wheels have no spokes. The mainframe of this two-wheeled transportation facility is a four-bar linkage quasi-parallelogram hollow shape completed by generative design, and it presents a bionic shape and an alien creature-style shape. This mainframe grows vine-like strands upwards and forms the cushion support. The shape of the seat cushion is similar to that of F-117 stealth aircraft. And a paper airplane-like geometric generative design extends from the rear of the seat cushion. The handle for control is designed between the paper airplane geometric generative shape and the seat cushion, and the shape of the handle is similar to the safety device of a roller coaster. The electric motor and battery are placed between the mainframe, which is bright red leather. And the seat cushion is made of natural cowhide material and color, and the mainframe presents the matte color of ultra-bright titanium metal

3

A light-duty personal two-wheeled transportation facility. It has two wheels, every 26 inches in diameter, with one wheel at the front of the facility and the other wheel at the rear. It’s like a two-wheel configuration for a motorcycle. The wheels are equipped with widened and thickened polymer material tires, and the surface of the tires is combined with the metal long cleats of football shoes. The wheels have no spokes. The mainframe of this two-wheeled transportation facility is a four-bar linkage quasi-parallelogram hollow shape completed by generative design, and it presents a bionic shape and an alien creature-style shape. This mainframe grows vine-like strands upwards and forms the cushion support. The shape of the seat cushion is similar to that of F-117 stealth aircraft. And a paper airplane-like geometric generative design extends from the rear of the seat cushion. The handle for control is designed between the paper airplane geometric generative shape and the seat cushion, and the shape of the handle is similar to the safety device of a roller coaster. The electric motor and battery are placed between the mainframe, which is bright red leather. And the seat cushion is made of natural cowhide material and color, and the mainframe presents the matte color of ultra-bright titanium metal

4

A new generation of personal electric off-road vehicles, with a two-wheel configuration like a motorcycle, but with the skeleton removed for redesign. The redesigned frame consists of the main frame and the front and rear subframes connecting the two tires. The main frame is forged from titanium alloy, showing bright white titanium metal reflections and brushed lines along the direction. From the side view of the car, the outer contour is similar to a parallelogram compressed towards the front of the car. The tube diameter of the front frame is made of carbon fiber material and surface texture, and the tube diameter is slender. The rear frame is made of titanium tubes with orange chrome graduated dots. In the center of the car there is a light full-grain top cowhide leather cushion. The tire shape is violent and grippy

5

A new generation of personal electric off-road two-wheel vehicles, the tire ratio is like a downhill bicycle with a two-wheel configuration, but the skeleton is deleted to redesign. The redesigned frame consists of the main frame and the front and rear subframes connecting the two tires. The main frame is forged from titanium alloy. The cross-section is flat on the left and right and elongated on the top and bottom. The surface presents the reflection of medium gray titanium metal and the brushed texture of mustard green along the direction. From the side view of the car, the outer outline of the main frame is similar to a parallelogram compressed towards the front of the car. The quadrilateral is connected by many diamond shapes of different sizes, making the main frame present a generative design style. The pipe diameter of the front frame is made of carbon fiber material and the surface texture of matte black carbon fiber. The pipe diameter is slender and the cross section of the pipe diameter is T-shaped. The rear frame is made of titanium tube diameter, with a cross-shaped and thick cross-section, and orange chrome-plated gradient shapes of large and small dots on the surface. Luxurious and stylish light-colored full-grain top-grade cowhide cushions are installed in the center of the car, and the control handle has a futuristic sense of technology. The tire shape is violent and grippy, like the Martian landing craft style

6

Urban vehicle for both land and air use. It has two wheels, and the tire configuration is the same as that of a downhill bike. The tires have no spokes, the rims are made of glossy carbon fiber, and the tires are filled with tapered rubber kit. The mainframe of this vehicle is redesigned, using the outside obvious diamond frame similar to the Ducati frame model as a unit, and performing a generative design to complete the overall frame. The grips are chunky triathlon grips in bright orange chrome. The seat cushion is made of full cowhide and white thick stitching. The whole car has no pedals, but is driven by electricity, and the battery box is made of bright white titanium metal

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Cheng, SH. (2023). The Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Design Concept Ideation: Case Study on Lightweight Two-Wheeled Vehicles. In: Degen, H., Ntoa, S., Moallem, A. (eds) HCI International 2023 – Late Breaking Papers. HCII 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14059. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48057-7_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48057-7_3

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