Abstract
Infrared thermography has shown great promise as a diagnostic method for health care, providing useful information on a person's physiological, and pathological state. Recently, the use of artificial intelligence combined with infrared technology has boosted the adoption of thermal imaging in various applications and has been proposed to recognize human emotion by measuring facial skin temperature. However, its application has been limited to laboratory settings due to demanding computational and hardware resources. In this scenario, this work presents the design and development of a portable system based on a low power microcontroller implementing an optimized Edge-AI solution for binary emotional state classification using minimal hardware resources. The recognition of happiness and sadness emotional states induced by audiovisual stimuli serves as a case-study for feasibility assessment. Thermal images, produced by an uncooled and low-cost thermal sensor, along with electrocardiogram, are acquired and processed with an Arm® Cortex®-M4 microcontroller. A simple, yet effective neural network has been developed, optimized, and deployed to run the emotion detection algorithm in real time. The complete system has been experimentally verified and results in terms of accuracy and hardware constraints are discussed. Specifically, by employing a dataset consisting of 60 infrared videos, an accuracy of 80% was achieved with a resource occupation of 3.4 kB of RAM and 76.4 kB of flash memory.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lahiri BB et al. Medical applications of infrared thermography: a review. Infrared Phys Technol 55(4):221–235
Kim Y et al. Remote heart rate monitoring method using infrared thermal camera. Int J Eng Res Technol
Anaya-Isaza A, Zequera-Diaz M. Detection of diabetes mellitus with deep learning and data augmentation techniques on foot thermography. IEEE Access
Jamal KMS, Kamioka E. Emotions detection scheme using facial skin temperature and heart rate variability. In: MATEC web conferences, vol 277, p 020377
Cruz-Albarran IA et al. Human emotions detection based on a smart-thermal system of thermographic images. Infrared Phys Technol 81:250–261
Hassani S et al. Physiological signal-based emotion recognition system. In: 2017 4th IEEE ICETAS, pp 1–5
Selvaraj J et al. Classification of emotional states from electrocardiogram signals: a non-linear approach based on hurst. Biomed Eng Online 12(1):44
Kosonogov V et al. Facial thermal variations: a new marker of emotional arousal. PloS One 12(9):e0183592
Gasparro R et al. Thermography as a method to detect dental anxiety in oral surgery. Appl Sci 11:12
‘Arm Cortex-M4—Microcontrollers—STMicroelectronics. https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/arm-32-bit-microcontrollers/arm-cortex-m4.html. Accessed 10 May 2023
‘ad8232.pdf’. https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/ad8232.pdf. Accessed 28 Jun 2023
Lepton_Engineering_Datasheet_Rev200.pdf. https://cdn.sparkfun.com/assets/f/6/3/4/c/Lepton_Engineering_Datasheet_Rev200.pdf. Accessed 10 May 2023
Edge Impulse. https://edgeimpulse.com/. Accessed 28 Jun 2023
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gragnaniello, M., Borghese, A., Marrazzo, V.R., Breglio, G., Irace, A., Riccio, M. (2024). A Microcontroller-Based System for Human-Emotion Recognition with Edge-AI and Infrared Thermography. In: Bellotti, F., et al. Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society. ApplePies 2023. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1110. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48121-5_46
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48121-5_46
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-48120-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-48121-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)