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Machine Learning for SAST: A Lightweight and Adaptable Approach

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Computer Security – ESORICS 2023 (ESORICS 2023)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14347))

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Abstract

In this paper, we summarize a novel method for machine learning-based static application security testing (SAST), which was devised as part of a larger study funded by Germany’s Federal Office for Information Security (BSI). SAST describes the practice of applying static analysis techniques to program code on the premise of detecting security-critical software defects early during the development process. In the past, this was done by using rule-based approaches, where the program code is checked against a set of rules that define some pattern, representative of a defect. Recently, an increasing influx of publications can be observed that discuss the application of machine learning methods to this problem. Our method poses a lightweight approach to this concept, comprising two main contributions: Firstly, we present a novel control-flow based embedding method for program code. Embedding the code into a metric space is a necessity in order to apply machine learning techniques to the problem of SAST. Secondly, we describe how this method can be applied to generate expressive, yet simple, models of some unwanted behavior. We have implemented these methods in a prototype for the C and C++ programming languages. Using tenfold cross-validation, we show that our prototype is capable of effectively predicting the location and type of software defects in previously unseen code.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://samate.nist.gov/SARD/test-suites/112.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Computer Science Department, Software Engineering Group, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Lorenz Hüther & Karsten Sohr

  2. Institute of Embedded Systems, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3 (E), 21073, Hamburg, Germany

    Bernhard J. Berger

  3. Team Neusta GmbH, Konsul-Smidt-Straße 24, 28217, Bremen, Germany

    Hendrik Rothe

  4. Artificial Intelligence Center, Czech Technical University in Prague, Charles Square 13, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic

    Stefan Edelkamp

Authors
  1. Lorenz Hüther
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  2. Karsten Sohr
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  3. Bernhard J. Berger
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  4. Hendrik Rothe
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  5. Stefan Edelkamp
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lorenz Hüther .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, Irvine, CA, USA

    Gene Tsudik

  2. University of Padua, Padua, Italy

    Mauro Conti

  3. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Kaitai Liang

  4. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Georgios Smaragdakis

Appendix

Appendix

figure b
Table 1. Results of the intrinsic evaluation.
Full size table
Table 2. Results of the oracle test for the FICS tool, our method as well as three conventional tools that were aggregated into a single column. True positive findings are marked with a “+”-symbol, negative results with a “−”-symbol. Cases where a tool failed to process the code entirely are marked with a “o”-symbol.
Full size table

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Hüther, L., Sohr, K., Berger, B.J., Rothe, H., Edelkamp, S. (2024). Machine Learning for SAST: A Lightweight and Adaptable Approach. In: Tsudik, G., Conti, M., Liang, K., Smaragdakis, G. (eds) Computer Security – ESORICS 2023. ESORICS 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14347. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51482-1_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51482-1_5

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-51481-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-51482-1

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