Abstract
Accessing video media by people with visual impairments is still a challenge. Audio descriptions are used as a tool to describe images that cannot be perceived by those who cannot see and cannot be understood from dialogues. The creation of audio descriptions involves (1) modifying the videos in terms of additional audio tracks with the use of tools that require specific skills, and (2) the need to alter the original video, unless the same is directly inserted by the producers. In addition, the structure and language used for audio descriptions are often adult-oriented and less designed for children with visual impairments. In this paper, we propose a solution to provide audio descriptions without editing the original videos. A pilot test with 4 children with visual impairment allowed us to evaluate the audio descriptions prepared for a series of episodes of a cartoon popular among children, and the use of the proposed system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anwar, A.I., Zulkifli, A., Syafar, M., Jafar, N.: Effectiveness of counseling with cartoon animation audio-visual methods in increasing tooth brushing knowledge children ages 10–12 years. Enfermeria Clinica 30, 285–288 (2020)
Putnam, C., Puthenmadom, M., Cuerdo, M.A., Wang, W., Paul, N.: Adaptation of the system usability scale for user testing with children. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–7 (2020)
Ahmetovic, D., Bernareggi, C., Leporini, B., Mascetti, S.: WordMelodies: supporting the acquisition of literacy skills by children with visual impairment through a mobile app. Trans. Accessible Comput. 16, 1–19 (2022)
Buzzi, M.C., Buzzi, M., Leporini, B., Senette, C.: Playing with geometry: a multimodal Android app for blind children. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biannual Conference on Italian SIGCHI Chapter, pp. 134–137 (2015)
Campos, V.P., de Araújo, T.M., de Souza Filho, G.L., Gonçalves, L.M.: CineAD: a system for automated audio description script generation for the visually impaired. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 19, 99–111 (2020)
Diaz Garcia, D.F., Marín Marín, J.S., Herrón Garcia, D.: The cartoons museum: a didactic sequence to work on descriptive texts (2017)
Fryer, L.: An Introduction to Audio Description: A Practical Guide. Routledge (2016)
González, M., Moreno, L., Martínez, P.: Approach design of an accessible media player. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 14, 45–55 (2015)
Hättich, A., Schweizer, M.: I hear what you see: effects of audio description used in a cinema on immersion and enjoyment in blind and visually impaired people. Br. J. Vis. Impair. 38(3), 284–298 (2020)
Holsanova, J.: A cognitive approach to audio description. In: Researching Audio Description, pp. 49–73. Palgrave Macmillan, London (2016)
Janier, J.B., Ahmad, W.F.W., Firdus, S.B.: Representing visual content of movie cartoons through narration for the visually impaired. In: 2013 International Conference on Computer Applications Technology (ICCAT), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2013)
Kurihara, K., et al.: Automatic generation of audio descriptions for sports programs. SMPTE Motion Imaging J 128(1), 41–47 (2019)
Liu, X., Carrington, P., Chen, X.A., Pavel, A.: What makes videos accessible to blind and visually impaired people? In: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–14 (2021)
López, A.P.: The benefits of audio description for blind children. In: New Insights into Audiovisual Translation and Media Accessibility, pp. 213–225. Brill (2010)
Peres, S.C., Pham, T., Phillips, R.: Validation of the system usability scale (SUS) SUS in the wild. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 192–196. SAGE Publications, Sage (2013)
Plaza, M.: Cost-effectiveness of audio description production process: comparative analysis of outsourcing and ‘in-house’ methods. Int. J. Prod. Res. 55(12), 3480–3496 (2017)
Ramos, M.: The emotional experience of films: does audio description make a difference? Translator 21(1), 68–94 (2015)
Schmeidler, E., Kirchner, C.: Adding audio description: does it make a difference? J. Vis. Impair. Blindness 95(4), 197–212 (2001)
Shadiqin Binti Firdus, S.: Exploring the Use of Narration for Audio Description in Enhancing Blind and Visually Impaired Children’s Visualization of Video Movie Films (2012)
Snyder, J.: The Visual Made Verbal: A Comprehensive Training Manual and Guide to the History and Applications of Audio Description. Academic Publishing (2020)
Wilkens, L., Heitplatz, V.N., Bühler, C.: Designing accessible videos for people with disabilities. In: Antona, M., Stephanidis, C. (eds.) HCII 2021. LNCS, vol. 12769, pp. 328–344. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78095-1_24
Zabrocka, M.: Rhymed and traditional audio description according to the blind and partially sighted audience: results of a pilot study on creative audio description. J. Specialised Transl. 29, 212–236 (2018)
Zabrocka, M.: Audio description accompanying video content as a compensatory tool in socialization and cognitive-linguistic development of children with visual impairment: the search for theory for alternative AD application. Educ. Dev. Psychol. 38(2), 215–226 (2021)
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Elisabetta Franchi, Elena Ferroni and all the operators who contributed with their valuable support to the study. Thanks also go to I.ri.Fo.R. Toscana and to all the children and families who made this study possible.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Buzzi, M., Di Bella, D., Gazzarrini, C., Leporini, B. (2024). Experience of Visually-Impaired Children in the Enjoyment of Cartoons. In: Coelho, P.J., Pires, I.M., Lopes, N.V. (eds) Smart Objects and Technologies for Social Good. GOODTECHS 2023. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 556. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52524-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52524-7_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-52523-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-52524-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)