Skip to main content

ECCRG: A Emotion- and Content-Controllable Response Generation Model

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing (CollaborateCom 2023)

Abstract

Most methods of emotional dialogue generation focus on how to make the generated replies express the set emotion categories, while ignoring the control over the semantic content of the replies. To this end, in this paper, we propose a emotion- and content-controllable response generation model, ECCRG. ECCRG allows for text-controlled conditions and integration into the decoding process of the language model through a self-attention layer, enabling more precise control over the content of the generated responses. We use a variety of optimization objectives including self-reconfiguration loss and adversarial learning loss to jointly train the model. Experimental results show that ECCRG can embody the set target content in the generated responses, allowing us to achieve controllability on both emotion and textual content.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Asghar, N., Poupart, P., Hoey, J., Jiang, X., Mou, L.: Affective neural response generation. In: Pasi, G., Piwowarski, B., Azzopardi, L., Hanbury, A. (eds.) ECIR 2018. LNCS, vol. 10772, pp. 154–166. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76941-7_12

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, A., Ong, Y.-S., Pung, B., Zhang, A., Fu, J.: CoCon: a self-supervised approach for controlled text generation. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Colombo, P., Witon, W., Modi, A., Kennedy, J., Kapadia, M.: Affect-driven dialog generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.02793 (2019)

  • Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: Bert: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)

  • Gao, J., Bi, W., Liu, X., Li, J., Shi, S.: Generating multiple diverse responses for short-text conversation. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 33, pp. 6383–6390 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C., Zaiane, O.R., Trabelsi, A., Dziri, N.: Automatic dialogue generation with expressed emotions. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers), pp. 49–54 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Galley, M., Brockett, C., Gao, J., Dolan, B.: A diversity-promoting objective function for neural conversation models. arXiv preprint arXiv:1510.03055 (2015)

  • Lin, Z., Madotto, A., Bang, Y., Fung, P.: The adapter-bot: all-in-one controllable conversational model. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 35, pp. 16081–16083 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., et al.: Roberta: a robustly optimized bert pretraining approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.11692 (2019)

  • Papineni, K., Roukos, S., Ward, T., Zhu, W.-J.: Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 311–318 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Partala, T., Surakka, V.: The effects of affective interventions in human-computer interaction. Interact. Comput. 16(2), 295–309 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polzin, T.S., Waibel, A.: Emotion-sensitive human-computer interfaces. In: ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop (ITRW) on Speech and Emotion (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Radford, A., et al.: Language models are unsupervised multitask learners. OpenAI Blog 1(8), 9 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Skowron, M.: Affect listeners: acquisition of affective states by means of conversational systems. In: Esposito, A., Campbell, N., Vogel, C., Hussain, A., Nijholt, A. (eds.) Development of Multimodal Interfaces: Active Listening and Synchrony. LNCS, vol. 5967, pp. 169–181. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12397-9_14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Song, Z., Zheng, X., Liu, L., Xu, M., Huang, X.-J.: Generating responses with a specific emotion in dialog. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 3685–3695 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., et al.: Dialogpt: large-scale generative pre-training for conversational response generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.00536 (2019)

  • Zheng, C., Liu, Y., Chen, W., Leng, Y., Huang, M.: Comae: a multi-factor hierarchical framework for empathetic response generation. In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021, pp. 813–824 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhong, P., Wang, D., Li, P., Zhang, C., Wang, H., Miao, C.: Care: commonsense-aware emotional response generation with latent concepts. arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.08377 (2020a)

  • Zhong, P., Zhang, C., Wang, H., Liu, Y., Miao, C.: Towards persona-based empathetic conversational models. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 6556–6566 (2020b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, H., Huang, M., Zhang, T., Zhu, X., Liu, B.: Emotional chatting machine: Emotional conversation generation with internal and external memory. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 32 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, L., Gao, J., Li, D., Shum, H.-Y.: The design and implementation of xiaoice, an empathetic social chatbot. Comput. Linguist. 46(1), 53–93 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, X., Wang, W.Y.: Mojitalk: generating emotional responses at scale. In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 1128–1137 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bo Wang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Chen, H., Wang, B., Yang, K., Song, Y. (2024). ECCRG: A Emotion- and Content-Controllable Response Generation Model. In: Gao, H., Wang, X., Voros, N. (eds) Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing. CollaborateCom 2023. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 562. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54528-3_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54528-3_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-54527-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-54528-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics