Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Reference Architecture for Dry Port Digital Twins: Preliminary Assessment Using ArchiMate

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS 2024)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing ((LNBIP,volume 513))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 19 Accesses

Abstract

Dry Ports are critical infrastructures in the logistics chain, optimizing seaport operations by providing customs services and container storage on land. Some of their main challenges include traffic congestion, environmental impact, high dependence on regulations and paper documentation, and the need to provide reliable information to government authorities and road and rail freight industries. More recently, Digital Twins have emerged as a promising solution to monitor real-time information and optimize Dry Port operations simultaneously. This paper presents the initial proposal of a reference architecture for developing Dry Port’s Digital Twins. It results from a design science research project conducted in cooperation with a major IT company in the logistics sector and a Dry Port operator in Portugal. ArchiMate was the selected language for architecture modeling. Our theoretical contribution is in the form of a high-level reference architecture, confirming the suitability of the ArchiMate language. For practitioners, this work is part of the Portuguese NEXUS agenda: Innovation Pact for Green and Digital Transition for Transport, Logistics, and Mobility, assisting in adopting Blockchain, Optical Recognition, and Artificial Intelligence as crucial technological enablers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://nexuslab.pt/ [Online] [Accessed 18th of January 2024].

  2. 2.

    https://www.projeto-jul.pt/ [Online] [Accessed 17th of January 2024]

  3. 3.

    https://www.fordesi.pt/solucoes/gestao-para-terminais-multimodais-de-mercadorias/ /[Online] [Accessed 19th of January 2024].

References

  1. Khaslavskaya, A., Roso, V.: Dry ports: research outcomes, trends, and future implications. Marit. Econ. Logist. 22(2), 265–292 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41278-020-00152-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mohd Zain, R., Salleh, N.H.M., Mohd Zaideen, I.M., Menhat, M., Jeevan, J.: Dry ports: redefining the concept of seaport-city integrations. Transp. Eng. 8, 100112 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2022.100112

  3. Singh, M., Fuenmayor, E., Hinchy, E., Qiao, Y., Murray, N., Devine, D.: Digital twin: origin to future. Appl. Syst. Innov. 4, 36 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/asi4020036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M., Chatterjee, S.: A design science research methodology for information systems research. J. Manag. Inf. Syst. 24, 45–77 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Liu, Z., Zhang, A., Wang, W.: A framework for an indoor safety management system based on digital twin. Sensors 20(20) (2020). Art. No. 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205771

  6. Yigit, Y., et al.: TwinPort: 5G drone-assisted data collection with digital twin for smart seaports. Sci. Rep. 13(1) (2023). Art. No. 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39366-1

  7. Hadjidemetriou, L., et al.: A digital twin architecture for real-time and offline high granularity analysis in smart buildings. Sustain. Cities Soc. 98, 104795 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104795

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Lattanze, A.: Architecting Software Intensive Systems - A Practitioners Guide, 1st edn. CRC Press. Auerbach Publications (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ports Australia Digital Twins Working Group - Findings Document (Final) November 2022.pdf. https://assets-global.website-files.com/5b503e0a8411dabd7a173eb7/638d87369bf1382aadf303bb_Ports%20Australia%20Digital%20Twins%20Working%20Group%20-%20Findings%20Document%20(Final)%20November%202022.pdf. Accessed 14 Jan 2024

  10. Klar, R., Fredriksson, A., Angelakis, V.: Digital twins for ports: derived from smart city and supply chain twinning experience. IEEE Access 11, 71777–71799 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3295495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wenqiang, Y., et al.: A digital twin framework for large comprehensive ports and a case study of Qingdao Port. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Tech. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10625-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang, K., Hu, Q., Zhou, M., Zun, Z., Qian, X.: Multi-aspect applications and development challenges of digital twin-driven management in global smart ports. Case Stud. Transp. Policy 9(3), 1298–1312 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.06.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Klar, R., Fredriksson, A., Angelakis, V.: Assessing the maturity of digital twinning solutions for ports. In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and Other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops), pp. 552–557. IEEE, March 2023

    Google Scholar 

  14. International Standard, ISO 23247-2:2021: Automation Systems and Integration - Digital Twin Framework for Manufacturing, 1st edn. (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Wang, K., Hu, Q., Liu, J.: Digital twin-driven approach for process management and traceability towards ship industry. Processes 10(6) (2022). Art. No. 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10061083

  16. Bass, L., Clements, P., Kazman, R.: Software Architecture in Practice. Software Engineering, 2nd edn. Addison-Wesley Professional (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jonkers, H., Lankhorst, M., ter Doest, H., Arbab, F., Bosma, H., Wieringa, R.: Enterprise architecture: Management tool and blueprint for the organization. Inf. Syst. Front. 8, 63–66 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-006-7970-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kotusev, S.: A Comparison of the Top Four Enterprise Architecture Frameworks. BCS - The Chartered Institute for IT. https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/a-comparison-of-the-top-four-enterprise-architecture-frameworks/. Accessed 12 Jan 2024

  19. Pourzolfaghar, Z., Bastidas, V., Helfert, M.: Standardisation of enterprise architecture development for smart cities. J. Knowl. Econ. 11(4), 1336–1357 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-019-00601-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Petersen, S.A., Pourzolfaghar, Z., Alloush, I., Ahlers, D., Krogstie, J., Helfert, M.: Value-added services, virtual enterprises and data spaces inspired enterprise architecture for smart cities. In: Camarinha-Matos, L.M., Afsarmanesh, H., Antonelli, D. (eds.) PRO-VE 2019. IAICT, vol. 568, pp. 393–402. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28464-0_34

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Anthony, B., Petersen, S.A.: A practice based exploration on electric mobility as a service in smart cities. In: Themistocleous, M., Papadaki, M. (eds.) EMCIS 2019. LNBIP, vol. 381, pp. 3–17. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44322-1_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Bokolo, A.J.: Examining the adoption of sustainable emobility-sharing in smart communities: diffusion of innovation theory perspective. Smart Cities 6(4) (2023). Art. No. 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040095

  23. Jnr, B.A., Petersen, S.A.: Validation of a developed enterprise architecture framework for digitalisation of smart cities: a mixed-mode approach. J. Knowl. Econ. 14(2), 1702–1733 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-022-00969-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bastidas, V., Bezbradica, M., Bilauca, M., Healy, M., Helfert, M.: Enterprise architecture in smart cities: developing an empirical grounded research agenda. J. Urban Technol. 30(1), 47–70 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2022.2122681

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Bastidas, V., Reychav, I., Ofir, A., Bezbradica, M., Helfert, M.: Concepts for modeling smart cities: an ArchiMate extension. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 64(3), 359–373 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-021-00724-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kapkaeva, N., Gurzhiy, A., Maydanova, S., Levina, A.: Digital platform for maritime port ecosystem: port of Hamburg case. Transp. Res. Procedia 54, 909–917 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.02.146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Min, H.: Developing a smart port architecture and essential elements in the era of Industry 4.0. Maritime Econ. Logist. 24(2), 189–207 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41278-022-00211-3

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Lepekhin, A.A., Levina, A.I., Dubgorn, A.S., Weigell, J., Kalyazina, S.E.: Digitalization of seaports based on enterprise architecture approach. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 940(1), 012023 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/940/1/012023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Pool, A.: Digital Twin in Rail Freight - The Foundations of Future Innovation. University of Twente (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Harper, K.E., Ganz, C., Malakuti, S.: Digital Twin Architecture and Standards. Industrial IoT Consortium, November 2019

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bogea Gomes, S., Santoro, F.M., da Silva, M.M., Iacob, M.-E.: Visualization of digital transformation initiatives elements through ArchiMate viewpoints. Inf. Syst. Front. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-023-10469-4

  32. The Open Group: Archimate 3.2 Specification. https://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/archimate3-doc/index.html. Accessed 17 Mar 2024

  33. Bandeira, C., Barata, J., Roque, N.: Architecting digital twin-driven transformation in the refrigeration and air conditioning sector. In: Kumar, V., Leng, J., Akberdina, V., Kuzmin, E. (eds.) Digital Transformation in Industry: Digital Twins and New Business Models, pp. 13–28. Springer, Cham (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94617-3_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Curty, S., Härer, F., Fill, H.-G.: Towards the comparison of blockchain-based applications using enterprise modeling. ER Demos/Posters, October 2021

    Google Scholar 

  35. Venable, J., Pries-Heje, J., Baskerville, R.: FEDS: a framework for evaluation in design science research. Eur. J. Inf. Syst. 25(1), 77–89 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2014.36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Barata, J., Kayser, I.: Industry 5.0 – past, present, and near future. Procedia Comput. Sci. 219, 778–788 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. DeBaud, J.M., Flege, O., Knauber, P.: PuLSE-DSSA—a method for the development of software reference architectures. In: Proceedings of the Third International workshop on Software architecture, pp. 25–28 (November 1998)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was funded by Project “Agenda Mobilizadora Sines Nexus”. Ref. No. 7113, supported by the Recovery and Resilience Plan (PRR) and by the European Funds Next Generation EU, following Notice No. 02/C05-i01/2022, Component 5 - Capitalization and Business Innovation - Mobilizing Agendas for Business Innovation. The work was also funded by national funds through the FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., within the scope of the project CISUC-UID/CEC/00326/2020 and by the European Social Fund, through the Regional Operational Program Centro 2020.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CISUC, DEI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Joana Antunes, João Barata, Paulo Rupino da Cunha & Jacinto Estima

  2. Fordesi, Lisboa, Portugal

    José Tavares

Authors
  1. Joana Antunes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. João Barata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paulo Rupino da Cunha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jacinto Estima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. José Tavares
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Joana Antunes , João Barata , Paulo Rupino da Cunha , Jacinto Estima or José Tavares .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal

    João Araújo

  2. University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Albacete, Spain

    Jose Luis de la Vara

  3. University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal

    Maribel Yasmina Santos

  4. Institut Mines-Télécom Business School, Evry, France

    Saïd Assar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Antunes, J., Barata, J., da Cunha, P.R., Estima, J., Tavares, J. (2024). A Reference Architecture for Dry Port Digital Twins: Preliminary Assessment Using ArchiMate. In: Araújo, J., de la Vara, J.L., Santos, M.Y., Assar, S. (eds) Research Challenges in Information Science. RCIS 2024. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 513. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59465-6_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59465-6_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-59464-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-59465-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation