Skip to main content

A Market-Ready Ecosystem for Publishing and Reading Augmented Books

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Human-Centered Design, Operation and Evaluation of Mobile Communications (HCII 2024)

Abstract

Many studies show the possibilities and benefits of combining physical and digital information through augmented paper. Furthermore, the rise of Augmented Reality hardware and software for annotating the physical world with information is becoming more commonplace as a new computing paradigm. But so far, this has not been commercially applied to paper in a way that publishers can control. In fact, there is currently no standard way for book publishers to augment their printed products with digital media, short of using QR codes or creating custom AR apps. In this paper we outline a new publishing ecosystem for the creation and consumption of augmented books, and report the lab and field evaluation of a first commercial travel guide to use this. This is based simply on the use of the standard EPUB3 format for interactive e-books that forms the basis of a new ‘a-book’ file format and app.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hillesund, T.: Digital reading spaces: how expert readers handle books, the web and electronic paper. First Monday (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jeong, H.: A comparison of the influence of electronic books and paper books on reading comprehension, eye fatigue, and perception. Electron. Libr. 30(3), 390–408 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mangen, A., Walgermo, B.R., Brønnick, K.: Reading linear texts on paper versus computer screen: effects on reading comprehension. Int. J. Educ. Res. 58, 61–68 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Levy, M.D.: Scrolling Forward: Making Sense of Documents in the Digital Age. Arcade Publishing, New York (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sellen, A.J., Harper, R.H.: The Myth of the Paperless Office. MIT Press, Cambridge (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Clark, D.T., Goodwin, S.P., Samuelson, T., Coker, C.: A qualitative assessment of the Kindle e, Äêbook reader: results from initial focus groups. Perform. Meas. Metrics 9(2), 118–129 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chen, S., Granitz, N.: Adoption, rejection, or convergence: consumer attitudes toward book digitization. J. Bus. Res. 65(8), 1219–1225 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang, Y., Kudva, S.: E-books versus print books: readers’ choices and preferences across contexts. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 65(8), 1695–1706 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Jenkins, H., Ford, S., Green, J.: Spreadable Media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture. NYU Press (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Schrøder, K.C., et al.: Audiences are inherently cross-media: audience studies and the cross-media challenge. CM Komunikacija i mediji. 6(18), 5–27 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cope, B., Kalantzis, M.: “Multiliteracies”: New literacies, new learning. Pedagogies Int. J. 4(3), 164–195 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Luff, P., Heath, C., Norrie, M., Signer, B., Herdman, P.: Only touching the surface: creating affinities between digital content and paper. In: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW ‘04. New York, NY, USA, pp. 523–532. Association for Computing Machinery (2004). https://doi.org/10.1145/1031607.1031695

  13. Wellner, P.: Interacting with paper on the digital desk. Commun. ACM 36(7), 87–96 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Billinghurst, M., Kato, H., Poupyrev, I.: The magicbook - moving seamlessly between reality and virtuality. IEEE Comput. Graphics Appl. 21(3), 6–8 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Erol, B., Antúnez, E., Hull, J.J.: Hotpaper: multimedia interaction with paper using mobile phones. In: Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM ‘08. New York, NY, USA, pp. 399–408. ACM (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Liao, C., Liu, Q., Liew, B., Wilcox, L.: Pacer: fine-grained interactive paper via camera touch hybrid gestures on a cell phone. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2010. New York, NY, USA, pp. 2441–2450. ACM (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Back, M., Cohen, J., Gold, R., Harrison, S., Minneman, S.: Listen reader: an electronically augmented paper-based book. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 23–29 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Klemmer, S.R., Graham, J., Wolff, G.J., Landay, J.A.: Books with voices: paper transcripts as a physical interface to oral histories. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ‘03. New York, NY, USA, pp. 89–96. ACM (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chen, N.S., Teng, D.C.E., Lee, C.H., Kinshuk: Augmenting paper-based reading activity with direct access to digital materials and scaffolded questioning. Comput. Educ. 57(2), 1705–1715 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Frohlich, D.M., et al.: Designing interactive newsprint. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 104, 36–49 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Georgiadou, E., Margaritopoulos, M.: The application of augmented reality in print media. J. Print Media Technol. Res. 8(1), 43–55 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Signer, B., Norrie, M.C.: Interactive paper: past, present and future. In: Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'10). Copenhagen, Denmark (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Signer, B., Norrie, M.C., Weibel, N., Ispas, A.: Advanced authoring of paper-digital systems. Multimedia Tools Appl. 70(2), 1309–1332 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lu, X., Lu, Z.: A publishing framework for digitally augmented paper documents: towards cross-media information integration. In: Zhuang, Y., Yang, S.Q., Rui, Y., He, Q. (eds.) Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - PCM 2006, pp. 494–501. Heidelberg, Springer (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Guimbretière, F.: Paper augmented digital documents. In: Proceedings of the 16th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 51–60 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Yeh, R.B., Paepcke, A., Klemmer, S.R.: Iterative design and evaluation of an event architecture for pen-and-paper interfaces. In: Proceedings of the 21st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 111–120 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Heinrichs, F., Steimle, J., Schreiber, D., Mühlhäuser, M.: Letras: an architecture and framework for ubiquitous pen-and-paper interaction. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems, pp. 193–198 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Mackay, W.E., Pothier, G, Letondal, C., Bøegh, K., Sørensen, H.E.: The missing link: Augmenting biology laboratory notebooks. In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST ’02, New York, NY, USA, pp. 41–50. ACM (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Cornwall, F.K., the Isles of Scilly (3rd Edition). Bradt Travel Guides (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bairaktaris, G., Frohlich, D., Sporea, R.: Printed light tags and the magic bookmark: using light to augment paper objects. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–5 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bairaktaris, G., Siderov, H., Celebiler, D., Kolii, C., Frohlich, D.M., Sporea, R.A.: Magic bookmark: a nonintrusive electronic system for functionalizing physical books. Adv. Intell. Syst. 4(3), 2100138 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bairaktaris, G., Le Borgne, B., Turkani, V., Corrigan-Kavanagh, E., Frohlich, D.M., Sporea, R.A.: Augmented books: hybrid electronics bring paper to life. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 21(4), 88–95 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Corrigan-Kavanagh, E., Frohlich, D.M., Scarles, C.: Re-invigorating the photo album: augmenting printed photobooks with digital media. Pers. Ubiquit. Comput. 27(2), 467–480 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Frohlich, D., et al.: The Cornwall a-book: an augmented travel guide using next generation paper. J. Electron. Publ. 22(1) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Corrigan-Kavanagh, E., Scarles, C., Revill, G., Beynon, M., van Duppen, J.: Explorations on the future of the book from the Next Generation Paper Project. Publishing History 83, 35–54 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Corrigan-Kavanagh, E., Frohlich, D., Yuan, H., Bober, M.: Designing for the next generation of augmented books. J. Des. Res. 18(5–6), 356–374 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Husain, S.S., Bober, M.: Improving large-scale image retrieval through robust aggregation of local descriptors. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(9), 1783–1796 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Corbin, J., Strauss, A.: Strategies for qualitative data analysis. Basics Qualit. Res. Tech. Proc. Dev. Grounded Theory 3(10), 4135 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) as part of the Digital Economy programme under grant number EP/P02579X/1. This was in response to a call entitled ‘Content creation and consumption in the digital economy’. We also thank travel writer Kirsty Fergusson and CEO Adrian Phillips and his staff at Bradt Travel Guides Ltd for their collaboration to create the augmented Cornwall guide.

Funding

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David M. Frohlich .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Frohlich, D.M. et al. (2024). A Market-Ready Ecosystem for Publishing and Reading Augmented Books. In: Wei, J., Margetis, G. (eds) Human-Centered Design, Operation and Evaluation of Mobile Communications. HCII 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14738. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60487-4_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60487-4_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-60486-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-60487-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics