Abstract
The ongoing evolution of robotic technology reveals a noticeable trend toward endowing robots with human-like traits, seen in their external design and language communication. However, there has been controversy about whether people accept and what factors influence their attitudes toward making robots more human-like. Despite studies emphasizing the impact of cultural backgrounds on attitudes towards robot anthropomorphism, existing research lacks sufficient classification and comparison of these cultural factors. This study, through an in-depth literature review, reveals that cultural factors, such as religious beliefs, popular culture, media exposure, social norms, values, and cognitive patterns, exert a substantial influence on user attitudes towards robot anthropomorphism. This influence varies across geographic regions and national contexts. Non-cultural factors such as technological acceptance, loneliness, and the uncanny valley effect also play a role. This review, crucial for human-robot interaction and cultural integration, proposes distinct cultural perspectives and classifications, offering valuable directions for future research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrist, S., et al.: Effects of culture on the credibility of robot speech. In: Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, pp. 157–164. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2015)
Bartneck, C.: Who like Androids more: Japanese or US Americans? In: Proceeding of the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, Munich, Germany, pp. 553–557 (2008)
Bernotat, J., Eyssel, F.A.: "Can’t wait to have a robot at home? - Japanese and German Users” attitudes toward service robots in smart homes. In: Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. Nanjing, China, pp. 15–22 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/2696454.2696464
Castelo, N., Sarvary, M.: Cross-cultural differences in comfort with humanlike robots. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 14, 1865–2187 (2022)
Chen, X., et al.: Application and theory gaps during the rise of artificial intelligence in education. Comput. Educ. Artif. Intell. 1(1), 100002 (2020)
Chin, M.G., et al.: Measuring individual differences in anthropomorphism toward machines and animals. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 48, pp. 1252–1255. SAGE Publications (2004). https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120404801110
Dang, J., Liu, L.: Robots are friends as well as foes: ambivalent attitudes toward mindful and mindless AI robots in the United States and China. Comput. Hum. Behav. 115, 106612 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106612
Dang, J., Liu, L.: Do lonely people seek robot companionship? A comparative examination of the loneliness-robot anthropomorphism link in the United States and China. Comput. Hum. Behav. 141, 107637 (2023)
Duffy, B.R.: Anthropomorphism and the social robot. Robot. Auton. Syst. 42(3–4), 177–190 (2003)
Fink, J.: Anthropomorphism and human likeness in the design of robots and human-robot interaction. In: Social Robotics: 4th International Conference, Chengdu, China, pp. 199–208 (2012)
Gasteiger, N., Hellou, M., Ahn, H.S.: Factors for personalization and localization to optimize human-robot interaction: a literature review. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 15(4), 689–701 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-021-00811-8
Eresha, G., Häring, M., et al.: Investigating the influence of culture on proxemic behaviors for humanoid robots. In: The 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, Gyeongju, Korea, pp. 430–435 (2013)
Haring, K.S., Mougenot, C., Ono, F., Watanabe, K.: Cultural differences in perception and attitude towards robots. Int. J. Affect. Eng. 13(3), 149–157 (2014). https://doi.org/10.5057/ijae.13.149
Hofstede, G.: Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills (1984)
Johnson, D.O., et al.: Exploring the entertainment value of playing games with a humanoid robot. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 8(2), 247–269 (2015)
Kahn, P.H., Ishiguro, H., Friedman, B., Kanda, T.: What is a human? - toward psychological benchmarks in the field of human-robot interaction. Robot Hum. Interact. Commun. 8(3), 363–390 (2006)
Kamide, H., Arai, T.: Perceived comfortableness of anthropomorphized robots in US. and Japan. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 9, 537–543 (2017)
Lee, H.R., Sabanović, S.: Culturally variable preferences for robot design and use in South Korea, Turkey, and the United States. In: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, pp. 17–24. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2014)
Li, L., Li, Y., Song, B., Shi, Z., Wang, C.: How human-like behavior of service robot affects social distance: a mediation model and cross-cultural comparison. Behav. Sci. 12(7), 205 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070205
Lim, V., Rooksby, M., Cross, E.S.: Social robots on a global stage: establishing a role for culture during human-robot interaction. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 13(6), 1307–1333 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00710-4
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G.: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann. Intern. Med. 151(4), 264–269 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007
Mori, M., MacDorman, K., Kageki, N.: The uncanny valley [from the field]. IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. 19(2), 98–100 (2009)
Nomura, T., Suzuki, T., et al.: What People Assume about Humanoid and animal-type robots: cross-culture Analysis between Japan, Korea, and the United States. Int. J. Humanoid Rob. 05(01), 25–46 (2008)
Nomura, T., Syrdal, D.S., Dautenhahn, K.: Differences on social acceptance of humanoid robots between Japan and the UK. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on New Frontiers in Human-Robot Interaction, pp.115–120. The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behavior (AISB), UK (2015)
O’Neill-Brown, P.: Setting the stage for the culturally adaptive agent, pp. 93–97. CA: AAAI Technical report, Washington (1997)
Papadopoulos, I., Koulouglioti, C.: The influence of culture on attitudes towards humanoid and animal-like robots: an integrative review. J. Nurs. Scholarsh. 50(6), 653–665 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12422
Preising, B., Hsia, T.C., Mittelstadt, B.: A literature review: robots in medicine. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 10(2), 13–22 (1991)
Rau, P.L.P., et al.: Effects of communication style and culture on ability to accept recommendations from robots. Comput. Hum. Behav. 25(2), 587–595 (2009)
Said, N., et al.: Customer acceptance of humanoid service robots in hotels: moderating effects of service voluntariness and culture. Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. 36, 1844–1867 (2023)
Samani, H., Saadatian, E., et al.: Cultural robotics: the culture of robotics and robotics in culture. Int. J. Adv. Rob. Syst. 10(12), 400 (2013)
Sherry, T.: A Nascent Robotics culture: New Complicities for Companionship, pp. 107–116 (2006)
Spatola, N., Marchesi, S., Wykowska, A.: Different models of anthropomorphism across cultures and ontological limits in current frameworks the integrative framework of anthropomorphism. Front. Robot. AI 9 (2022)
Trovato, G., Eyssel, F.A.: Mind attribution to androids: a comparative study with Italian and Japanese adolescents. In: 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 561–566 (2017)
Zanatto, D., Patacchiola, M., Goslin, J., Cangelosi, A.: Investigating cooperation with robotic peers. PLoS ONE 14(11), e0225028 (2019)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kou, G., Zhang, S. (2024). The Influence of Culture in Shaping Anthropomorphic Attitudes Towards Robots: A Literature Review. In: Stephanidis, C., Antona, M., Ntoa, S., Salvendy, G. (eds) HCI International 2024 Posters. HCII 2024. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 2114. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61932-8_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61932-8_41
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-61931-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-61932-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)