Abstract
We propose a language for conveniently defining execution strategies for real-time rewrite theories, and provide Maude-strategy-implemented versions of most Real-Time Maude analysis methods, albeit with user-defined discrete and timed strategies. We also identify a new time sampling strategy that should provide efficient and exhaustive analysis for many distributed real-time systems. We exemplify our language and its analyses on a simple round trip time protocol, and compare the performance of standard Maude search with our strategy-implemented reachability analyses on the CASH scheduling algorithm benchmark.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
Hitoshi Ohsaki, personal communication, 2007.
- 2.
Parts of Maude code and Maude output will be replaced by ‘...’.
- 3.
A further optimization would advance time to when the least remaining delay is 0.
- 4.
Here init denotes an initial state from which a missed deadline should not be reachable if the optimized version of CASH were correct.
References
AlTurki, M., Dhurjati, D., Yu, D., Chander, A., Inamura, H.: Formal specification and analysis of timing properties in software systems. In: Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering (FASE 2009). LNCS, vol. 5503, pp. 262–277. Springer, Berlin (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00593-0_18
Arias, J., Bae, K., Olarte, C., Ölveczky, P.C., Petrucci, L., Rømming, F.: Rewriting logic semantics and symbolic analysis for parametric timed automata. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Formal Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems (FTSCS 2022), pp. 3–15. ACM (2022). https://doi.org/10.1145/3563822.3569923
Arias, J., Bae, K., Olarte, C., Ölveczky, P.C., Petrucci, L., Rømming, F.: Symbolic analysis and parameter synthesis for time Petri nets using Maude and SMT solving. In: Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency (PETRI NETS 2023). LNCS, vol. 13929, pp. 369–392. Springer, Berlin (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33620-1_20
Arias, J., Bae, K., Olarte, C., Ölveczky, P.C., Petrucci, L., Rømming, F.: Symbolic analysis and parameter synthesis for networks of parametric timed automata with global variables using Maude and SMT solving. Sci. Comput. Program. 233 (2024).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2023.103074
Bae, K., Ölveczky, P.C., Feng, T.H., Lee, E.A., Tripakis, S.: Verifying hierarchical Ptolemy II discrete-event models using Real-Time Maude. Sci. Comput. Program. 77(12), 1235–1271 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2010.10.002
Beffara, E., Bournez, O., Kacem, H., Kirchner, C.: Verification of timed automata using rewrite rules and strategies (2009). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0907.3123
Behrmann, G., David, A., Larsen, K.G.: A tutorial on Uppaal. In: Formal Methods for the Design of Real-Time Systems (SFM-RT 2004). LNCS, vol. 3185, pp. 200–236. Springer, Berlin (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30080-9_7
Bobba, R., Grov, J., Gupta, I., Liu, S., Meseguer, J., Ölveczky, P.C., Skeirik, S.: Survivability: Design, formal modeling, and validation of cloud storage systems using Maude. In: Assured Cloud Computing, Chap. 2, pp. 10–48. Wiley, New York (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119428497.ch2
Borovanský, P., Kirchner, C., Kirchner, H., Ringeissen, C.: Rewriting with strategies in ELAN: A functional semantics. Int. J. Found. Comput. Sci. 12(1), 69–95 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129054101000412
Bravenboer, M., Kalleberg, K.T., Vermaas, R., Visser, E.: Stratego/XT 0.17. A language and toolset for program transformation. Sci. Comput. Program. 72(1–2), 52–70 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCICO.2007.11.003
Caccamo, M., Buttazzo, G.C., Sha, L.: Capacity sharing for overrun control. In: Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2000), pp. 295–304. IEEE Computer Society (2000). https://doi.org/10.1109/REAL.2000.896018
Clavel, M., Durán, F., Eker, S., Escobar, S., Lincoln, P., Martí-Oliet, N., Meseguer, J., Rubio, R., Talcott, C.: Maude Manual (Version 3.3.1). SRI International (2023). available at http://maude.cs.illinois.edu
Clavel, M., Durán, F., Eker, S., Lincoln, P., Martí-Oliet, N., Meseguer, J., Talcott, C.L.: All About Maude—A High-Performance Logical Framework, LNCS, vol. 4350. Springer, Berlin (2007) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71999-1
David, A., Jensen, P.G., Larsen, K.G., Mikucionis, M., Taankvist, J.H.: Uppaal Stratego. In: TACAS 2015. LNCS, vol. 9035. Springer, Berlin (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_16
Eker, S., Martí-Oliet, N., Meseguer, J., Rubio, R., Verdejo, A.: The Maude strategy language. J. Log. Algebraic Methods Program. 134, 100887 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JLAMP.2023.100887
Grov, J., Ölveczky, P.C.: Formal modeling and analysis of Google’s Megastore in real-time Maude. In: Specification, Algebra, and Software—Essays Dedicated to Kokichi Futatsugi. LNCS, vol. 8373, pp. 494–519. Springer, Berlin (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54624-2_25
Hidalgo-Herrero, M., Verdejo, A., Ortega-Mallén, Y.: Using Maude and its strategies for defining a framework for analyzing Eden semantics. In: Antoy, S. (ed.) WRS@FLoC 2006. ENTCS, vol. 174, pp. 119–137. Elsevier (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENTCS.2007.02.051
Lepri, D., Ábrahám, E., Ölveczky, P.C.: Sound and complete timed CTL model checking of timed Kripke structures and real-time rewrite theories. Sci. Comput. Program. 99, 128–192 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2014.06.006
Liu, S., Meseguer, J., Ölveczky, P.C., Zhang, M., Basin, D.A.: Bridging the semantic gap between qualitative and quantitative models of distributed systems. Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 6(OOPSLA2), 315–344 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1145/3563299
Liu, S., Ölveczky, P.C., Meseguer, J.: Modeling and analyzing mobile ad hoc networks in Real-Time Maude. J. Log. Algebraic Methods Program. 85(1), 34–66 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlamp.2015.05.002
Marin, M., Kutsia, T.: Foundations of the rule-based system rLog. J. Appl. Non Class. Logics 16(1–2), 151–168 (2006). https://doi.org/10.3166/JANCL.16.151-168
Meseguer, J.: Conditional rewriting logic as a unified model of concurrency. Theor. Comput. Sci. 96(1), 73–155 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90182-F
Meseguer, J.: Membership algebra as a logical framework for equational specification. In: Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques (WADT’97). LNCS, vol. 1376, pp. 18–61. Springer, Berlin (1997).https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-64299-4_26
Olarte, C., Ölveczky, P.C.: RT-Strategies (2024). https://depot.lipn.univ-paris13.fr/real-time-maude/rt-strategies.git
Olarte, C., Ölveczky, P.C.: Timed strategies for real-time rewrite theories (2024). https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.08920
Ölveczky, P.C.: Real-Time Maude and its applications. In: Rewriting Logic and Its Applications (WRLA 2014). LNCS, vol. 8663, pp. 42–79. Springer, Berlin (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12904-4_3
Ölveczky, P.C., Boronat, A., Meseguer, J.: Formal semantics and analysis of behavioral AADL models in Real-Time Maude. In: Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems, Joint 12th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, FMOODS 2010 and 30th IFIP WG 6.1 FORTE 2010. LNCS, vol. 6117, pp. 47–62. Springer, Berlin (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13464-7_5
Ölveczky, P.C., Caccamo, M.: Formal simulation and analysis of the CASH scheduling algorithm in Real-Time Maude. In: Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering (FASE 2006). LNCS, vol. 3922, pp. 357–372. Springer, Berlin (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11693017_26
Ölveczky, P.C., Meseguer, J.: Specification of real-time and hybrid systems in rewriting logic. Theor. Comput. Sci. 285(2), 359–405 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3975(01)00363-2
Ölveczky, P.C., Meseguer, J.: Semantics and pragmatics of Real-Time Maude. High. Order Symb. Comput. 20(1–2), 161–196 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10990-007-9001-5
Ölveczky, P.C., Meseguer, J.: The Real-Time Maude tool. In: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS 2008). LNCS, vol. 4963, pp. 332–336. Springer, Berlin (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78800-3_23
Ölveczky, P.C., Meseguer, J., Talcott, C.L.: Specification and analysis of the AER/NCA active network protocol suite in Real-Time Maude. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 29(3), 253–293 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-006-0015-0
Ölveczky, P.C., Thorvaldsen, S.: Formal modeling, performance estimation, and model checking of wireless sensor network algorithms in Real-Time Maude. Theor. Comput. Sci. 410(2–3), 254–280 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2008.09.022
Rosa-Velardo, F., Segura, C., Verdejo, A.: Typed mobile ambients in Maude. In: Cirstea, H., Martí-Oliet, N. (eds.) RULE@RDP 2005. ENTCS, vol. 147, pp. 135–161. Elsevier (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENTCS.2005.06.041
Rubio, R., Martí-Oliet, N., Pita, I., Verdejo, A.: Strategies, model checking and branching-time properties in Maude. J. Log. Algebraic Methods Program. 123, 100700 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JLAMP.2021.100700
Rubio, R., Martí-Oliet, N., Pita, I., Verdejo, A.: Model checking strategy-controlled systems in rewriting logic. Autom. Softw. Eng. 29(1), 7 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/S10515-021-00307-9
Rubio, R., Martí-Oliet, N., Pita, I., Verdejo, A.: Simulating and model checking membrane systems using strategies in Maude. J. Log. Algebraic Methods Program. 124, 100727 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JLAMP.2021.100727
Sabahi-Kaviani, Z., Khosravi, R., Ölveczky, P.C., Khamespanah, E., Sirjani, M.: Formal semantics and efficient analysis of Timed Rebeca in Real-Time Maude. Sci. Comput. Program. 113, 85–118 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCICO.2015.07.003
Santos-García, G., Palomino, M., Verdejo, A.: Rewriting logic using strategies for neural networks: An implementation in Maude. In: Corchado, J.M., Rodríguez, S., Llinas, J., Molina, J.M. (eds.) DCAI 2008. Advances in Soft Computing, vol. 50, pp. 424–433. Springer, Berlin (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85863-8_50
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme through grant number G6133 (project SymSafe) and by the PHC project Aurora AESIR.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Olarte, C., Ölveczky, P.C. (2024). Timed Strategies for Real-Time Rewrite Theories. In: Ogata, K., Martí-Oliet, N. (eds) Rewriting Logic and Its Applications. WRLA 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14953. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65941-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65941-6_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-65940-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-65941-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)