Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

A Tool for the Analysis and Virtual Reality Visualization of the Virtual Restoration of Cultural Heritage 3D Models

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Extended Reality (XR Salento 2024)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 15029))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 438 Accesses

Abstract

This paper introduces Model Checker, an open-source plugin for Blender designed to analyse distance discrepancies between 3D models and visualize the results using heatmaps. It is designed for analysing discrepancies during retopology and restoration processes, seamlessly integrated into the Blender environment. The plugin extracts minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation distances between models, visualized with heatmaps based on adaptable thresholds. It also provides change tracking in the heatmaps, facilitating comparison between different project versions. Heatmaps are exportable as textures and compatible with immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) visualization within Blender, enabling convenient analysis and visualization within the workspace. Comparative analysis with CloudCompare reveals an error margin of maximum 1mm for Model Checker, making it suitable for tasks requiring similar precision. The results indicate its suitability as a viable alternative in projects requiring millimetric precision restoration, particularly notable for its integration into modelling software, change control, and iVR visualization capabilities. Future development efforts should focus on optimizing the process to enhance both accuracy and analysis time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Malegiannaki, I., Daradoumis, Τ: Analyzing the educational design, use and effect of spatial games for cultural heritage: a literature review. Comput. Educ. 108, 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.01.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Salvador García, E., García-Valldecabres, J., Viñals Blasco, M.J.: The use of HBIM models as a tool for dissemination and public use management of historical architecture: a review. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Plan. 13, 96–107 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V13-N1-96-107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lucchi, E.: Digital twins for the automation of the heritage construction sector. Autom. Constr. 156, 105073 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Silva, M., Teixeira, L.: EXtended reality (XR) experiences in museums for cultural heritage: a systematic review. Presented at the (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99188-3_5

  5. Rodriguez-Garcia, B., Guillen-Sanz, H., Checa, D., Bustillo, A.: A systematic review of virtual 3D reconstructions of cultural heritage in immersive virtual reality. Multimed Tools Appl. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-18700-3

  6. Gabellone, F.: Virtual environments and technological solutions for an enriched viewing of historic and archeological contexts. In: András Patay-Horváth (ed.) New Approaches to the Temple of Zeus at Olympia: Proceedings of the First Olympia-Seminar 8th-10th May 2014, pp. 223–233. Cambridge Scholars Publishing (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rodriguez-Garcia, B., Alaguero, M., Guillen-Sanz, H., Miguel-Alonso, I.: Comparing the Impact of Low-Cost 360° Cultural Heritage Videos Displayed in 2D Screens Versus Virtual Reality Headsets. LNCS, pp. 391–404 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15553-6_27

  8. Checa, D., Bustillo, A.: Advantages and limits of virtual reality in learning processes: Briviesca in the fifteenth century. Virtual Real. 24, 151–161 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-019-00389-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Slater, M., et al.: Virtually being Lenin enhances presence and engagement in a scene from the Russian Revolution. Front. Robotics AI. 5 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2018.00091

  10. Slater, M.: Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behaviour in immersive virtual environments. Philosophical Trans. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 364, 3549–3557 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Denard, H.: A new introduction to the london charter.  In: Paradata and Transparency in Virtual Heritage Digital Research in the Arts and Humanities Series, Ashgate, pp. 57–71 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ferdani, D., Fanini, B., Piccioli, M.C., Carboni, F., Vigliarolo, P.: 3D reconstruction and validation of historical background for immersive VR applications and games: The case study of the Forum of Augustus in Rome. J. Cult. Herit. 43, 129–143 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.12.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Aparicio Resco, P., Figueiredo, C.: EL grado de evidencia histórico-arqueológica de las reconstrucciones virtuales: hacia una escala de representación gráfica. revista otarq. 1, 235–247 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Banfi, F.: Bim orientation: grades of generation and information for different type of analysis and management process. the international archives of the photogrammetry. Remote Sensing Spatial Inform. Sci. XLII-2/W5, 57–64 (2017). https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W5-57-2017

  15. Münster, S., Hegel, W., Kröber, C.: A model classification for digital 3D reconstruction in the context of humanities research. LNCS. pp. 3–31. Springer Verlag (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47647-6_1

  16. Cignoni, P., et al.: MeshLab: an open-source mesh processing tool. meshlab: an open-source mesh processing tool. In: Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference (2008). https://doi.org/10.2312/LocalChapterEvents/ItalChap/ItalianChapConf2008/129-136

  17. Graham, C.A., Akoglu, K.G., Lassen, A.W., Simon, S.: Epic dimensions: a comparative analysis of 3d acquisition methods. the international archives of the photogrammetry. Remote Sensing Spatial Inform. Sci. XLII-2/W5, 287–293 (2017). https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W5-287-2017

  18. Liu, J., et al.: Comparative analysis of point clouds acquired from a TLS Survey and a 3D Virtual Tour for Hbim Development. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry. Remote Sensing Spatial Inform. Sci. XLVIII-M-2–2023, 959–968 (2023). https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-959-2023

  19. Majid, Z., et al.: Accuracy research of the effect of local surface modeling methods on the generation of 3D models of historical objects with rock-based building structures using open-source software. the International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing Spatial Inform. Sci. XLVIII-2/W4–2024, 287–294 (2024). https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W4-2024-287-2024

  20. Banfi, F.: The evolution of interactivity, immersion and interoperability in HBIM: digital model uses, VR and AR for built cultural heritage. ISPRS Int J Geoinf. 10, 685 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kiourt, C., Theodoropoulou, H.G., Koutsoudis, A., Ioannakis, J.A., Pavlidis, G., Kalles, D.: Exploiting Cross-Reality Technologies for Cultural Heritage Dissemination. In: George Pavlidis (Athena – Research and Innovation Center in Information, C. and K.T. (ed.) Applying Innovative Technologies in Heritage Science, pp. 85–108 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2871-6.ch005

  22. Münster, S., Terras, M.: The visual side of digital humanities: a survey on topics, researchers, and epistemic cultures. Digital Scholarship Human. 35, 366–389 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1093/LLC/FQZ022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Croce, V., Forleo, G., Billi, D., Bevilacqua, M.G., Piemonte, A., Caroti, G.: neural radiance fields (NERF) for multi-scale 3D modeling of cultural heritage artifacts. the international archives of the photogrammetry. Remote Sensing Spatial Inform. Sci. XLVIII-2/W4–2024, 165–171 (2024). https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W4-2024-165-2024

  24. Mendoza, M.A.D., De La Hoz Franco, E., Gómez, J.E.G.: Technologies for the preservation of cultural heritage—a systematic review of the literature. Sustainability 15, 1059 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021059

  25. Bekele, M.K., Pierdicca, R., Frontoni, E., Malinverni, E.S., Gain, J.: A survey of augmented, virtual, and mixed reality for cultural heritage. J. Comput. Cultural Heritage. 11, 1–36 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3145534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. XRAI Lab: Model Checker. https://xrailab.es/cases/model-checker/, Accessed 06 May 2024

  27. Catmull, E., Clark, J.: Recursively generated B-spline surfaces on arbitrary topological meshes. Comput. Aided Des. 10, 350–355 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(78)90110-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is part of the project Humanaid (TED2021-129485B-C43) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “NextGener tionEU”/PRTR.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain

    Bruno Rodriguez-Garcia & Diana García-Tejerina

  2. Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

    Laura Corchia

  3. Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

    Federica Faggiano & Lucio Tommaso De Paolis

Authors
  1. Bruno Rodriguez-Garcia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Laura Corchia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Federica Faggiano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Diana García-Tejerina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lucio Tommaso De Paolis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruno Rodriguez-Garcia .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

    Lucio Tommaso De Paolis

  2. University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

    Pasquale Arpaia

  3. CNR-STIIMA, Lecco, Italy

    Marco Sacco

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Rodriguez-Garcia, B., Corchia, L., Faggiano, F., García-Tejerina, D., De Paolis, L.T. (2024). A Tool for the Analysis and Virtual Reality Visualization of the Virtual Restoration of Cultural Heritage 3D Models. In: De Paolis, L.T., Arpaia, P., Sacco, M. (eds) Extended Reality. XR Salento 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 15029. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71710-9_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71710-9_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-71709-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-71710-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics