Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is today considered as one of the most important enabling technologies for developing a wide variety of smart services aimed at assisting the final user in the urban environment. In this chapter, we present how IoT can be employed to develop a system for the effective and efficient management of urban parking, thus providing a small, yet relevant contribution to the implementation of a real Smart City. Our system relies on the identification of each single parking slot but, unlike other approaches proposed in the last years, it does not require dedicated sensors and/or infrastructure, thus it can be regarded as a low-cost and low-effort solution. Indeed, it collects parking data from a mobile application on the drivers’ mobile devices and possibly identifies each slot by QR codes deployed on the single parking spots. The amount of data collected by the system on parking occupancy allows inferring valuable information that can be used by local governments. For instance, it will be possible to define appropriate pricing schemes so as to promote parking areas not particularly occupied. The employment of an SOA design guarantees the integration of the developed system with other existing services within a Smart City.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anastasi, G., Antonelli, M., Bechini, A., Brienza, S., D’Andrea, E., De Guglielmo, D., Ducange, P., Lazzerini, B., Marcelloni, F., Segatori, A.: Urban and social sensing for sustainable mobility in smart cities. In: Proceedings of The Third IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability, IEEE Computer Society (2013)
Bechini, A., Cimino, M., Lazzerini, B., Marcelloni, F., Tomasi, A.: A general framework for food traceability. In: International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops (SAINTW’06), pp. 366–369. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2005). doi:10.1109/SAINTW.2005.10
Bechini, A., Marcelloni, F., Segatori, A.: A mobile application leveraging QR-codes to support efficient urban parking. In: Proceedings of The Third IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability, IEEE Computer Society (2013)
Bohli, J.M., Sorge, C., Westhoff, D.: Initial observations on economics, pricing, and penetration of the internet of things market. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 39(2), 50–55 (2009). doi:10.1145/1517480.1517491
Chaouchi, H. (ed.): The Internet of Things: Connecting Objects. No. 420 in ISTE. Wiley-ISTE, London (2010)
Chou, S.Y., Lin, S.W., Li, C.C.: Dynamic parking negotiation and guidance using an agent-based platform. Expert Syst. Appl. 35(3), 805–817 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2007.07.042
Feki, M., Kawsar, F., Boussard, M., Trappeniers, L.: The internet of things: the next technological revolution. Computer 46(2), 24–25 (2013). doi:10.1109/MC.2013.63
Gama, K., Touseau, L., Donsez, D.: Combining heterogeneous service technologies for building an Internet of Things middleware. Comput. Commun. 35(4), 405–417 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2011.11.003
Gazzè, D., Bechini, A., Avvenuti, M., Tesconi, M., Marchetti, A.: Integration of external data in document workflows via web services. In: Proceedings of IC3K-KMIS 2012, pp. 346–351. SciTePress (2012). doi:10.5220/0004143203460351
Geng, Y., Cassandras, C.G.: A new “smart parking” system infrastructure and implementation. In: Proceedings of EWGT2012–15th Meeting of the EURO Working Group on Transportation, September 2012, vol. 54, pp. 1278–1287. Elsevier, Paris (2012). doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.842
Giuffrè, T., Siniscalchi, S.M., Tesoriere, G.: A novel architecture of parking management for smart cities. In: Proceedings SIIV-5th International Congress–Sustainability of Road Infrastructures 2012, vol. 53, pp. 16–28. Elsevier (2012). doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.856
Hammadi, O.A., Hebsi, A.A., Zemerly, M.J., Ng, J.W.P.: Indoor localization and guidance using portable smartphones. In: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/WIC/ACM Int’ Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology WI-IAT ’12, vol. 3, pp. 337–341. IEEE Computer Society, Washington (2012). doi:10.1109/WI-IAT.2012.262
Han, D., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Gu, W.: Convergence of sensor networks/internet of things and power grid information network at aggregation layer. In: 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), pp. 1–6 (2010). doi:10.1109/POWERCON.2010.5666553
KopeckĂ˝, J., Domingue, J.: ParkJam: Crowdsourcing parking availability information with linked data (demo). In: 9th Extended Semantic Web Conference (2012)
Lu, R., Lin, X., Zhu, H., Shen, X.: SPARK: A new VANET-based smart parking scheme for large parking lots. In: IEEE INFOCOM 2009, pp. 1413–1421 (2009). doi:10.1109/INFCOM.2009.5062057
Mathew Samuel, S., Atif, Y., Sheng, Q., Maamar, Z.: Building sustainable parking lots with the Web of Things. Pers. Ubiquit. Comput. 1, 1–13 (2013). doi:10.1007/s00779-013-0694-7
Polycarpou, E., Lambrinos, L., Protopapadakis, E.: Smart parking solutions for urban areas. In: 2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium and Workshops on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), pp. 1–6 (2013). doi:10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583499
Rodier, C.J., Shaheen, S.A.: Transit-based smart parking: an evaluation of the San Francisco Bay area field test. Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol. 18(2), 225–233 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.trc.2009.07.002
Shoup, D.C.: Cruising for parking. Transp. Policy 13(6), 479–486 (2006)
Teodorović, D., Lučić, O.: Intelligent parking systems. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 175(3), 1666–1681 (2006)
Wang, H., He, W.: A reservation-based smart parking system. In: 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), pp. 690–695 (2011)
Whiteing, T., Browne, M., Allen, J.: City logistics: the continuing search for sustainable solutions. In: Waters, D. (ed.) Global Logistics and Distribution Planning, pp. 308–320. Kogan Page Business Books (2003)
Yang, J., Portilla, J., Riesgo, T.: Smart parking service based on wireless sensor networks. In: IECON 2012–38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 6029–6034 (2012). doi:10.1109/IECON.2012.6389096
Acknowledgments
The presented application comes from the refactoring and integration processes carried out in the framework of the SMARTY project, funded by “Programma Operativo Regionale (POR) 2007-2013” - objective “Competitività regionale e occupazione” of the Tuscany Region. The authors would also like to acknowledge Roberto Martucci and Pietro Lorefice for their contributions to early prototypes of the application.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bechini, A., Marcelloni, F., Segatori, A. (2014). Low-Effort Support to Efficient Urban Parking in a Smart City Perspective. In: Gaglio, S., Lo Re, G. (eds) Advances onto the Internet of Things. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 260. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03992-3_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03992-3_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-03991-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-03992-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)