Abstract
A serious video game was created to teach players about cognitive bias and encourage mitigation of both confirmation bias and the fundamental attribution error. Multiplayer and single-player versions of the game were created to test the effect of different feedback sources on bias mitigation performance. A total of 626 participants were randomly assigned to play the single player/multiplayer game once or repeatedly. The results indicate the single player game was superior at reducing confirmation bias and that repeated plays and plays of longer duration were more effective at mitigating both biases than a control condition where participants watched a training video.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chaiken, S.: Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39(5), 752–766 (1980)
Todorov, A., Chaiken, S., Henderson, M.D.: The heuristic-systematic model of social information processing. In: The Persuasion Handbook: Developments in Theory and Practice, pp. 195–211 (2002)
Chen, S., Chaiken, S.: Dual-process theories in social psychology. In: Dual-Process Theories in Social Psychology, pp. 73–96 (1999)
Nickerson, R.S.: Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology 2(2), 175 (1998)
Harvey, J.H., Town, J.P., Yarkin, K.L.: How fundamental is" the fundamental attribution error"? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40(2), 346 (1981)
Frank, M.G., Feeley, T.H.: To catch a liar: Challenges for research in lie detection training. Journal of Applied Communication Research 31(1), 58–75 (2003)
Vrij, A.: The impact of information and setting on detection of deception by police detectives. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 18(2), 117–136 (1994)
Mayer, R.E.: Should there be a three-strikes rule against pure discovery learning? American Psychologist 59(1), 14 (2004)
Delacruz, G.C.: Impact of Incentives On the Use Of Feedback in Educational Videogames: CRESST report 813. National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing, 1–18 (2012)
Hays, R.T.: The effectiveness of instructional games: A literature review and discussion. In: Book The Effectiveness of Instructional Games: A Literature Review and Discussion (DTIC Document) (2005)
Mayer, R.E., Johnson, C.I.: Adding instructional features that promote learning in a game-like environment. Journal of Educational Computing Research 42(3), 241–265 (2010)
Moreno, R.: Decreasing cognitive load for novice students: Effects of explanatory versus corrective feedback in discovery-based multimedia. Instructional Science 32(1-2), 99–113 (2004)
Bangert-Drowns, R.L., Kulik, C.-L.C., Kulik, J.A., Morgan, M.: The instructional effect of feedback in test-like events. Review of Educational Research 61(2), 213–238 (1991)
Hattie, J., Timperley, H.: The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research 77(1), 81–112 (2007)
Kluger, A.N., DeNisi, A.: The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin 119(2), 254–284 (1996)
Serge, S.R., Priest, H.A., Durlach, P.J., Johnson, C.I.: The effects of static and adaptive performance feedback in game-based training. Computers in Human Behavior 29(3), 1150–1158 (2013)
Billings, D.R.: Adaptive feedback in simulation-based training. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida (2010)
Shute, V.J.: Focus on formative feedback. Review of Educational Research 78(1), 153–189 (2008)
Kerschreiter, R., Schulz-Hardt, S., Mojzisch, A., Frey, D.: Biased Information Search in Homogeneous Groups: Confidence as a Moderator for the Effect of Anticipated Task Requirements. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34(5), 679–691 (2008)
Silverman, B.G.: Modeling and critiquing the confirmation bias in human reasoning. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 22(5), 972–982 (1992)
Michael, D.R., Chen, S.L.: Serious games: Games that educate, train, and inform. Thomson Course Technology (2006)
Dickey, M.D.: World of Warcraft and the impact of game culture and play in an undergraduate game design course. Computers & Education 56(1), 200–209 (2011)
Johnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T., Smith, K.A.: Active Learning: Cooperation in the College Classroom (1998)
Rey, G.D., Buchwald, F.: The expertise reversal effect: Cognitive load and motivational explanations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 17(1), 33–48 (2011)
Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory, learning difficulty, and instructional design. Learning and Instruction 4(4), 295–312 (1994)
Gonzalez, C., Best, B., Healy, A.F., Kole, J.A., Bourne, L.E.: A cognitive modeling account of simultaneous learning and fatigue effects. Cognitive Systems Research 12(1), 19–32 (2011)
Riggio, H.R., Garcia, A.L.: The Power of Situations: Jonestown and the Fundamental Attribution Error. Teaching of Psychology 36(2), 108–112 (2009)
Lave, J., Wenger, E.: Situated Learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press (1991)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dunbar, N.E. et al. (2014). Mitigating Cognitive Bias through the Use of Serious Games: Effects of Feedback. In: Spagnolli, A., Chittaro, L., Gamberini, L. (eds) Persuasive Technology. PERSUASIVE 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8462. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07127-5_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07127-5_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07126-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07127-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)