Synonyms
Definition
Today, no generally accepted definition of video game narrative exists. The academic discourse has pointed out ontological and phenomenological differences to more traditional forms of narrative, and therefore, the relationship to established scholarship in narratology is complex. In the field of video game studies, narrative aspects of video games are often described in contrast to rule-based aspects. A wider scan of related fields reveals additional positions. Ludonarrative is variously understood as a structural quality of the video game artifact, as an experiential quality during the experience of a video game, or as a high-level framework to understand video games. Finally, a number of scholars emphasize the difference to traditional manifestations and therefore work towards specific theories of video game narrative. While all legitimate by themselves, these different usages of “narrative” in the context of video games are...
References
Aarseth, E.J.: Cybertext. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore/London (1997)
Aarseth, E.J.: Computer game studies, year one. Game Studies. 1(1), 1–15 (2001)
Aarseth, E.J.: A narrative theory of games. Presented at the Foundations of Digital Games 2012
Aarseth, E.J.: Ludology. In: The Routledge Companion to Video Game Studies. Routledge, London (2014)
Aarseth, E.J.: Espen Aarseth responds. http://electronicbookreview.com/thread/firstperson/cornucopia (2004)
Adams, E.: Fundamentals of Game Design. New Riders, Berkeley (2010)
Ascott, R.: The Construction of Change. Cambridge Opinion, Cambridge (1964)
Ascott, R.: Behaviourist art and cybernetic vision. Cybernetica. X(1), 11 (1967)
Ascott, R.: The cybernetic stance: my process and purpose. Leonardo. 1, 105 (1968)
Aylett, R.: Emergent narrative, social immersion and “storification.” Presented at the Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Narrative and Interactive Learning Environment, Edinburgh (2000)
Aylett, R., Louchart, S.: Towards a narrative theory of virtual reality. Virtual Reality. 7(1), 2–9 (2003)
Bates, Joseph (1993). The nature of character in interactive worlds and the Oz project. In C. Loeffler (Ed.), Virtual Realities: Anthology of industry and culture. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold. Blair, Preston ( 1994)
Bernstein, M., Joyce, M., Levine, D.: Contours of Constructive Hypertexts. Presented at the ECHT ‘92: Proceedings of the ACM conference on Hypertext, New York, December 1992
Bogost, I.: Persuasive Games: the Expressive Power of Videogames. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2007)
Bolter, J.D.: Writing Space. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1991)
Buckles, M.A.: Interactive Fiction: The Computer Storygame “Adventure,” PhD Thesis, University of California San Diego, (1985)
Caillois, R.: Man, Play, and Games. Free Press of Glencoe, New York (1961)
Calleja, G.: Experiential narrative in game environments. Presented at the Proceedings of DiGRA (2009)
Calleja, G.: In-Game. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2011)
Calleja, G.: Narrative involvement in digital games. Presented at the Foundations of Digital Games (2013)
Calleja, G.: Game narrative: an alternate genealogy. In: Digital Interfaces in Situation of Mobility. Common Ground Research Networks, Chicago (2015)
Campbell, J.: The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Harper & Row, New York (1949)
Cavazza, M., Donikian, S., Christie, M., Spierling, U., Szilas, N., Vorderer, P., Hartmann, T., Klimmt, C., André, E., Champagnat, R., Petta, P., Olivier, P.: The IRIS network of excellence: integrating research in interactive storytelling. In: Interactive Storytelling: First Joint International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, ICIDS 2008 Erfurt, Germany, November 26–29, 2008, Proceedings, pp. 14–19. Springer, Berlin (2008)
Cavazza, M., Pizzi, D.: Narratology for interactive storytelling: a critical introduction. In: Technologies for Interactive Digital Storytelling and Entertainment, pp. 72–83. Springer, Berlin (2006)
Cavazza, M.O., Charles, F.: Character-based interactive storytelling. IEEE Intell. Syst. 17(4), 17–24 (2002)
Dubbelman, T.: Narrative game mechanics. In: Nack, F., Gordon, A.S. (eds.) Interactive Storytelling, pp. 39–50. Springer, Cham (2016)
Ensslin, A.: Literary Gaming, pp. 1–217. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2014)
Eskelinen, M.: The gaming situation. Game Studies. 1, (2001)
Eskelinen, M. The gaming situation. Game Studies, 1(1). (2001). Retrieved from http://www.gamestudies.org/0101/eskelinen/
Eskelinen, M.: Markku Eskelinen’s response. http://www.electronicbookreview.com/thread/firstperson/astragalian (2004)
Fernández-Vara, C.: Game spaces speak volumes – indexical storytelling. Presented at the Digra 2009 Conference (2011)
Fernández-Vara, C.: Introduction to Game Analysis. Routledge, London (2014)
Ferri, G.: Making sense of a game: a preliminary sketch for a semantic approach to games. Presented at the Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (2007a)
Ferri, G.: Narrating machines and interactive matrices: a semiotic common ground for game studies. Proceedings of the Digra 2007 Conference. 466–473 (2007b)
Ferri, G.: Satire, propaganda, play, storytelling. Notes on critical interactive digital narratives. In: Koenitz, H., Sezen, T.I., Ferri, G., Haahr, M., Sezen, D., Catak, G. (eds.) Interactive Storytelling : 6th International Conference, ICIDS 2013, Istanbul, Turkey, November 6–9, 2013, Proceedings, pp. 174–179. Springer International Publishing, Heidelberg (2013)
Ferri, G.: Narrative structures in IDN authoring and analysis. In: Koenitz, H., Ferri, G., Haahr, M., Sezen, D., Sezen, T.I. (eds.) Interactive Digital Narrative. Routledge, New York (2015)
Field, S.: Screenplay: the Basics of Film Writing. Random House Publishing Group, New York (1979)
Frasca, G.: Ludology meets narratology: similitude and differences between (video) games and narrative. http://www.ludology.org/articles/ludology.htm (1999)
Frasca, G.: Videogames of the Oppressed, MA Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology (2001)
Frasca, G.: Simulation versus narrative. In: The Video Game Theory Reader, pp. 221–235 (2003a)
Frasca, G.: Ludologists love stories, too: notes from a debate that never took place. DIGRA Conf. (2003b)
Fullerton, T., Swain, C., Hoffman, S.S.: Game Design Workshop. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington, MA (2008)
Genette, G.: Narrative Discourse, an Essay in Method. Cornell University Press, Ithaca (1980)
Harrell, D.F., Zhu, J.: Agency play: dimensions of agency for interactive narrative design. Presented at the AAAI Spring Symposium: Intelligent Narrative Technologies Stanford, CA, 23–25 March 2009
Hello Games: No Man’s Sky [Video Game] (2016)
Herman, D.: Story Logic. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln (2002)
Hocking, C.: Ludonarrative dissonance in Bioshock: the problem of what the game is about. In D. Davidson (Ed.), Well played 1.0 (pp. 114–117). ETC Press, Pittsburgh, PA (2009)
Iser, W.: The Act of Reading. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1979)
Jenkins, H.: Game design as narrative architecture. In: Wardrip-Fruin, N., Harrigan, P. (eds.) First Person: New Media as Story, Performance, and Game. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2004)
Jennings, P.: Narrative structures for new media. Leonardo. 29, 345–350 (1996)
Juul, J.: A clash between game and narrative. Danish literature (1999)
Juul, J.: Games telling stories. Game Studies. 1, 1–12 (2001)
Juul, J.: Half-Real. MIT Press, Cambridge MA (2005)
Kapell, M.W.: The Play Versus Story Divide in Game Studies. McFarland, Jefferson (2015)
Knoller, N.: The expressive space of IDS-as-art. In: Oyarzun, D., Peinado, F., Young, R.M., Elizalde, A., Méndez, G. (eds.) Interactive Storytelling: 5th International Conference, ICIDS 2012, San Sebastián, Spain, November 12–15, 2012. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin (2012)
Koenitz, H.: Reframing Interactive Digital Narrative. UMI Dissertation Publishing, Proquest (2010a)
Koenitz, H.: Towards a theoretical framework for interactive digital narrative. In: Aylett, R., Lim, M.Y., Louchart, S. (eds.) Interactive Storytelling: Third Joint Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, pp. 176–185. Springer, Heidelberg (2010b)
Koenitz, H.: Towards a specific theory of interactive digital narrative. In: Koenitz, H., Ferri, G., Haahr, M., Sezen, D., Sezen, T.I. (eds.) Interactive Digital Narrative, pp. 91–105. Routledge, New York (2015)
Koenitz, H.: Interactive storytelling paradigms and representations: a humanities-based perspective. In: Handbook of Digital Games and Entertainment Technologies, pp. 1–15. Springer Singapore, Singapore (2016)
Landow, G.P.: Hypertext. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1992)
Laurel, B.: Toward the Design of a Computer-Based Inter- active Fantasy System. PhD Thesis, The Ohio State University. (1986)
Laurel, B.: Computers as Theatre. Addison-Wesley, Boston (1991)
Louchart, S., Aylett, R.: Narrative theory and emergent interactive narrative. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life Long Learning. 14, 506 (2004)
Madej, K.S.: “Traditional narrative structure” – not traditional so why the norm? 5th International Conference on Narrative and Interactive Learning Environments, Edinburgh, Scotland 6–8 Aug 2008
Mason, S.: On games and links: extending the vocabulary of agency and immersion in interactive narratives. In: Koenitz, H., Ferri, G., Haar, M., Sezen, D., Sezen, T.I., Catak, G. (eds.) Interactive Storytelling: 6th International Conference, ICIDS 2013, Istanbul, Turkey, November 6–9, 2013, Proceedings, pp. 25–34. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2013)
Mateas, M.: A preliminary poetics for interactive Drama and games. Digital Creativity. 12, 140–152 (2001)
Mateas, M., Stern, A.: Structuring content in the façade interactive drama architecture. Presented at the AIIDE (2005)
McCoy, J., Mateas, M., Wardrip-Fruin, N.: Comme il Faut: a system for simulating social games between autonomous characters. In: Proceedings of the Digital Arts and Culture Conference. Digital Arts and Culture 2009
Montfort, N.: Twisty Little Passages. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2005)
Mukherjee, S.: Video Games and Storytelling. Springer, Berlin (2015)
Murray, J.: From game-story to cyberdrama. http://electronicbookreview.com/thread/firstperson/autodramatic (2004)
Murray, J.H.: Hamlet on the Holodeck: the Future of Narrative in Cyberspace. Free Press, New York (1997)
Murray, J.H.: The last word on ludology v narratology in game studies. International DiGRA Conference (2005)
Murray, J.H.: Hamlet on the Holodeck. The Free Press, New York (2016)
Nausen, L.: Coda. In: Narrative across Media, pp. 391–403. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln (2004)
Neitzel, B.: Narrativity of computer games. In: Hühn, P. (ed.) Handbook of Narratology. De Gruyter, Berlin/München/Boston (2014)
Neumann, V.J., Morgenstern, O.: Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1953)
Pearce, C.: Towards a game theory of game. In: Wardrip-Fruin, N., Harrigan, P. (eds.) First Person: New Media as Story, Performance, and Game. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2004)
Peirce, C.S.: The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings, vol. 1, pp. 1867–1893. Indiana University Press, Bloomington (1992)
Prince, G.: A Dictionary of Narratology. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln (1987)
Riedl, M.O.: A comparison of interactive narrative system approaches using human improvisational actors. Presented at the Intelligent Narrative Technologies III Workshop, New York (2010)
Riedl, M.O., Bulitko, V.: Interactive narrative: an intelligent systems approach. AI Mag. 34, 67 (2012)
Riedl, M.O., Young, R.M.: From linear story generation to branching story graphs. CGA. 26, 23–31 (2006)
Roth, C., Koenitz, H.: Evaluating the user experience of interactive digital narrative. Presented at the 1st International Workshop, New York (2016)
Ryan, M.-L.: Beyond myth and metaphor: The case of narrative in digital media. http://www.gamestudies.org/0101/ryan/ (2001)
Ryan, M.-L.: Avatars of Story. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis (2006)
Saillenfest, A., Dessalles, J.L.: A cognitive approach to narrative planning with believable characters. 2014 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative – OASIcs (2014)
Salen, K., Zimmerman, E.: Rules of Play. MIT Press, Cambridge (2004)
Schell, J.: The Art of Game Design: a Book of Lenses. Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann, Amsterdam/Boston (2008)
Simons, J.: Narrative, games, and theory. Games Studies. 7, 1–21 (2007)
Tanenbaum, J., Tanenbaum, K.: Empathy and identity in digital games: towards a new theory of transformative play. Presented at the Foundations of Digital Games 2015, April 24 2015
Wardrip-Fruin, N., Harrigan, P.: First Person-New Media as Story, Performance, and Game. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2004)
Wardrip-Fruin, N., Mateas, M., Dow, S., Sali, S.: Agency reconsidered. Presented at the Digra 2009 Conference (2009)
Welsh, T.J.: Literary gaming [book review]. American Journal of Play. 7(3), 396–398 (2015)
Wood, H.: Dynamic Syuzhets – writing and design methods for playable stories. ICIDS. 10690, 24–37 (2017)
Wright, W.: The Sims [video game] (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Koenitz, H. (2018). Narrative in Video Games. In: Lee, N. (eds) Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08234-9_154-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08234-9_154-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-08234-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-08234-9
eBook Packages: Living Reference Computer SciencesReference Module Computer Science and Engineering