Skip to main content

GPU-Accelerated Verification of the Collatz Conjecture

  • Conference paper
Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing (ICA3PP 2014)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 8630))

Abstract

The main contribution of this paper is to present an implementation that performs the exhaustive search to verify the Collatz conjecture using a GPU. Consider the following operation on an arbitrary positive number: if the number is even, divide it by two, and if the number is odd, triple it and add one. The Collatz conjecture asserts that, starting from any positive number m, repeated iteration of the operations eventually produces the value 1. We have implemented it on NVIDIA GeForce GTX TITAN and evaluated the performance. The experimental results show that, our GPU implementation can verify 5.01×1011 64-bit numbers per second, while the CPU implementation on Intel Xeon X7460 can verify 1.80×109 64-bit numbers per second. Thus, our implementation on the GPU attains a speed-up factor of 278 over the single CPU implementation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. An, F., Nakano, K.: An architecture for verifying Collatz conjecture using an FPGA. In: Proc. of the International Conference on Applications and Principles of Information Science, pp. 375–378 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Diaz, J., Muñoz-Caro, C., Niño, A.: A survey of parallel programming models and tools in the multi and many-core era. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 23(8), 1369–1386 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ichikawa, S., Kobayashi, N.: Preliminary study of custom computing hardware for the 3x+1 problem. In: Proc. of IEEE TENCON 2004, pp. 387–390 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ito, Y., Nakano, K.: A hardware-software cooperative approach for the exhaustive verification of the Collatz conjecture. In: Proc. of International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, pp. 63–70 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ito, Y., Nakano, K.: Efficient exhaustive verification of the Collatz conjecture using DSP blocks of Xilinx FPGAs. International Journal of Networking and Computing 1(1), 49–62 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ito, Y., Nakano, K.: A GPU implementation of dynamic programming for the optimal polygon triangulation. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E96-D(12), 2596–2603 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ito, Y., Ogawa, K., Nakano, K.: Fast ellipse detection algorithm using Hough transform on the GPU. In: Proc. of International Conference on Networking and Computing, pp. 313–319 (December 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lagarias, J.C.: The 3x+1 problem and its generalizations. The American Mathematical Monthly 92(1), 3–23 (1985)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Man, D., Nakano, K., Ito, Y.: The approximate string matching on the hierarchical memory machine, with performance evaluation. In: Proc. of the IEEE 7th International Symposium on Embedded Multicore SoCs, pp. 79–94 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Man, D., Uda, K., Ito, Y., Nakano, K.: Accelerating computation of Euclidean distance map using the GPU with efficient memory access. International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems 28(5), 383–406 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Man, D., Uda, K., Ueyama, H., Ito, Y., Nakano, K.: Implementations of a parallel algorithm for computing Euclidean distance map in multicore processors and GPUs. International Journal of Networking and Computing 1(2), 260–276 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  12. NVIDIA Corp.: CUDA ZONE, https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-zone

  13. NVIDIA Corp.: CUDA C Best Practice Guide Version 5.5 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  14. NVIDIA Corp.: CUDA C Programming Guide Version 5.5 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  15. NVIDIA Corp.: Parallel Thread Execution ISA Version 3.2 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ogawa, K., Ito, Y., Nakano, K.: Efficient Canny edge detection using a GPU. In: International Workshop on Advances in Networking and Computing, pp. 279–280 (November 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Roosendaal, E.: On the 3x + 1 problem, http://www.ericr.nl/wondrous/index.html

  18. Ryoo, S., Rodrigues, C.I., Baghsorkhi, S.S., Stone, S.S., Kirk, D.B., Hwu, W.-M.W.: Optimization principles and application performance evaluation of a multithreaded GPU using CUDA. In: Proc. of the 13th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, pp. 73–82 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Silva, T.O.: Maximum excursion and stopping time record-holders for the 3x + 1 problem: Computational results. Mathematics of Computation 68(225), 371–384 (1999)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Takeuchi, Y., Takafuji, D., Ito, Y., Nakano, K.: ASCII art generation using the local exhaustive search on the GPU. In: Proc. of International Symposium on Computing and Networking, pp. 194–200 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Uchida, A., Ito, Y., Nakano, K.: Accelerating ant colony optimisation for the travelling salesman problem on the GPU. International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems 29(4), 401–420 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Weisstein, E.W.: Collatz problem. From MathWorld–A Wolfram Web Resource, http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CollatzProblem.html

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Honda, T., Ito, Y., Nakano, K. (2014). GPU-Accelerated Verification of the Collatz Conjecture. In: Sun, Xh., et al. Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing. ICA3PP 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8630. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11197-1_37

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11197-1_37

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11196-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11197-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics