Abstract
This paper presents new constructions of families of binary and ternary arrays with low off-peak (periodic) autocorrelation and low cross-correlation for application to video watermarking. The constructions are based on the composition method which uses a shift sequence to cyclically shift a commensurate “column” sequence/array. The shift sequence/array has auto and cross-hit values constrained to 1 or 2, while the column sequence/array is pseudonoise. The shift sequences are new, while the column sequence is a Sidelnikov sequence, and the column array is a multi-dimensional Legendre array. The shift sequence constructions involve mapping the elements of a finite field onto its associated multiplicative group, the field plus infinity and other such variations. The constructions yield families of arrays suitable for embedding into video as watermarks. Examples of such watermarks are presented. The watermarks survive H264 compression, and are being considered for a video security standard.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Tirkel, A.Z., Rankin, G.A., van Schyndel, R.M., Ho, W.J., Mee, N.R.A., Osborne, C.F.: Electronic water mark. In: DICTA 93, pp. 666–673, Macquarie University (1993)
Tirkel, A.Z., Osborne, C.F., Hall, T.E.: Steganography - applications of coding theory. In: IEEE - IT Workshop, pp. 57–59, Svalbard, Norway (1997)
Tirkel, A.Z., Hall, T.E.: Array construction using cyclic shifts of a column. In: ISIT’05, pp. 2050–2054 (2005)
Moreno, O., Tirkel, A.: New optimal low correlation sequences for wireless communications. In: Helleseth, T., Jedwab, J. (eds.) SETA 2012. LNCS, vol. 7280, pp. 212–223. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Moreno, O., Maric, S.: A class of frequency hop codes with nearly ideal characteristics for multiple-target recognition. In: ISIT, p. 126 (1997)
Moreno, O., Ortiz-Ubarri, J.: Double periodic arrays with optimal correlation for applications in watermarking. In: Golomb, S.W., Gong, G., Helleseth, T., Song, H.-Y. (eds.) SSC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4893, pp. 82–94. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Sidelnikov, V.M.: Some k-valued pseudo-random sequences and nearly equidistant codes. Probl. Inf. Transm. 5(1), 12–16 (1969)
Bomer, L., Antweiler, M.: Optimizing the aperiodic merit factor of binary arrays. Signal Process. (Elsevier) 30, 1–13 (1993)
Digital Watermarking PCT/AU2010/000990, WO2011/050390, US 2012213402, EP2494516, AU2010312302
Digital Communications AU 2011904698, PCT/AU2012/001377
Algebraic Generators of Sequences for Communication Signals AU2011905002, PCT/AU2012/001473
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Blake, S., Moreno, O., Tirkel, A.Z. (2014). Families of 3D Arrays for Video Watermarking. In: Schmidt, KU., Winterhof, A. (eds) Sequences and Their Applications - SETA 2014. SETA 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8865. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12325-7_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12325-7_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12324-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12325-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)