Abstract
In the past decade, research on 3D face analysis has been extensively developed, and this study briefly reviews the progress achieved in data acquisition, algorithms, and experimental methodologies, for the issues of face recognition, facial expression recognition, gender and ethnicity classification, age estimation, etc., especially focusing on that after the availability of FRGC v2.0. It further points out several challenges to deal with for more efficient and reliable systems in the real world.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Phillips, P., Rosenfeld, A.: Face recognition: A literature survey. CSUR 35(4), 399–458 (2003)
Bowyer, K., Chang, K., Flynn, P.: A survey of approaches and challenges in 3d and multi-modal 3d + 2d face recognition. CVIU 101(1), 1–15 (2006)
Turk, M., Pentland, A.: Eigenfaces for recognition. JOCN 3(1), 71–86 (1991)
Belhumeur, P., Hespanha, J., Kriegman, D.: Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition using Class Specific Linear Projection. TPAMI 19(7), 711–720 (1997)
Wiskott, L., Fellous, J.-M., Kuiger, N., Von der Malsburg, C.: Face recognition by elastic bunch graph matching. TPAMI 19(7), 775–779 (1997)
Ahonen, T., Hadid, A., Pietikäinen, M.: Face recognition with local binary patterns. In: Pajdla, T., Matas, J(G.) (eds.) ECCV 2004. LNCS, vol. 3021, pp. 469–481. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Wright, J., Yang, A., Ganesh, A., Sastry, S., Ma, Y.: Robust face recognition via sparse representation. TPAMI 31(2), 210–227 (2009)
Abate, A., Nappi, M., Riccio, D., Sabatino, G.: 2D and 3d face recognition: a survey. PRL 28(14), 1885–1906 (2007)
Scheenstra, A., Ruifrok, A., Veltkamp, R.C.: A survey of 3D face recognition methods. In: Kanade, T., Jain, A., Ratha, N.K. (eds.) AVBPA 2005. LNCS, vol. 3546, pp. 891–899. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Phillips, P., Flynn, P., Scruggs, T., Bowyer, K., Chang, J., Hoffman, K., Marques, J., Min, J., Worek, W.: Overview of the face recognition grand challenge. In: CVPR (2005)
Savran, A., Alyüz, N., Dibeklioğlu, H., Çeliktutan, O., Gökberk, B., Sankur, B., Akarun, L.: Bosphorus database for 3D face analysis. In: Schouten, B., Juul, N.C., Drygajlo, A., Tistarelli, M. (eds.) BIOID 2008. LNCS, vol. 5372, pp. 47–56. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Yin, L., Wei, X., Sun, Y., Wang, J., Rosato, M.: A 3d facial expression database for facial behavior research. In: FG (2006)
Yin, L., Chen, X., Sun, Y., Worm, T., Reale, M.: A high-resolution 3d dynamic facial expression database. In: FG (2008)
Kakadiaris, I., Passalis, G., Toderici, G., Murtuza, M., Lu, Y., Karampatziakis, N., Theoharis, T.: Three dimensional face recognition in the presence of facial expressions: An annotated deformable model approach. TPAMI 29(4), 640–649 (2007)
Alyuz, N., Gokberk, B., Akarun, L.: Regional registration for expression resistant 3-d face recognition. TIFS 5(3), 425–440 (2010)
Huang, D., Ardabilian, M., Wang, Y., Chen, L.: 3-D face recognition using elbp-based facial description and local feature hybrid matching. TIFS 7(5), 1551–1565 (2012)
Drira, H., Ben Amor, B., Srivastava, A., Daoudi, M., Slama, R.: 3D face recognition under expressions, occlusions, and pose variations. TPAMI 35(9), 2270–2283 (2013)
Mian, A., Bennamoun, M., Owens, R.: An efficient multimodal 2d-3d hybrid approach to automatic face recognition. TPAMI 29(11), 1927–1943 (2007)
Mian, A., Bennamoun, M., Owens, R.: Keypoint detection and local feature matching for textured 3d face recognition. IJCV 79(1), 1–12 (2008)
Huang, D., Ben Soltana, W., Ardabilian, M., Wang, Y., Chen, L.: Textured 3d face recognition using biological vision-based facial representation and optimized weighted sum fusion. In: CVPRW (2011)
Huang, D., Ardabilian, M., Wang, Y., Chen, L.: Oriented gradient maps based automatic asymmetric 3d-2d face recognition. In: ICB (2012)
Chu, B., Romdhani, S., Chen, L.: 3D-aided face recognition robust to expression and pose variations. In: CVPR (2014)
Boehler, W., Marbs, A.: 3D scanning instruments. In: International Workshop on Scanning for Cultural Heritage Recording (2002)
Papatheodorou, T., Reuckert, D.: Evaluation of automatic 4D face recognition using surface and texture registration. In: FG (2004)
Kusuma, G.P., Chua, C.-S.: Image level fusion method for multimodal 2D + 3D face recognition. In: Campilho, A., Kamel, M.S. (eds.) ICIAR 2008. LNCS, vol. 5112, pp. 984–992. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Arca, S., Lanzarotti, R., Lipori, G.: Face recognition based on 2D and 3D features. In: Apolloni, B., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L. (eds.) KES 2007, Part I. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4692, pp. 455–462. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Chang, K., Bowyer, K., Flynn, P.: An evaluation of multimodal 2d + 3d face biometrics. TPAMI 27(4), 619–624 (2005)
Husken, M., Brauckmann, M., Gehlen, S., Von der Malsburg, C.: Strategies and benefits of fusion of 2d and 3d face recognition. In: CVPRW (2005)
Gokberk, B., Dutagaci, H., Ulas, A., Akarun, L., Sankur, B.: Representation plurality and fusion for 3-D face recognition. TSMCB 38(1), 155–173 (2008)
Ben Soltana, W., Huang, D., Ardabilian, M., Chen, L., Ben Amar, C.: Comparison of 2d/3d features and their adaptive score level fusion for 3d face recognition. In: 3DPVT (2010)
Li, S.Z., Zhao, C., Ao, M., Lei, Z.: Learning to fuse 3D+2D based face recognition at both feature and decision levels. In: Zhao, W., Gong, S., Tang, X. (eds.) AMFG 2005. LNCS, vol. 3723, pp. 44–54. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Ben Soltana, W., Ardabilian, M., Chen, L., Ben Amar, C.: Adaptive feature and score level fusion strategy using genetic algorithms. In: ICPR (2010)
Smeets, D., Claes, P., Hermans, J., Vandermeulen, D., Suetens, P.: A comparative study of 3-D face recognition under expression variations. TSMCC 42(5), 710–727 (2012)
Fang, T., Zhao, X., Ocegueda, O., Shah, S., Kakadiaris, I.: 3D facial expression recognition: A perspective on promises and challenges. In: FG (2011)
Toderici, G., OMalley, S., Passalis, G., Theoharis, T., Kakadiaris, I.: Ethnicity- and gender-based subject retrieval using 3-d face-recognition techniques. IJCV 89(2), 382–391 (2010)
Huang, D., Ding, H., Wang, C., Wang, Y., Zhang, G., Chen, L.: Local circular patterns for multi-modal facial gender and ethnicity classification. In: IVC (2014)
Xia, B., Ben Amor, B., Daoudi, M., Drira, H.: Can 3d shape of the face reveal your age? VISAPP (2014)
Maes, C., Fabry, T., Keustermans, J., Smeets, D., Suetens, P., Vandermeulen, D.: Feature detection on 3d face surfaces for pose normalization and recognition. BTAS (2010)
Li, H., Huang, D., Lemaire, P., Morvan, J.-M., Chen, L.: Expression robust 3d face recognition via mesh-based histograms of multiple order surface differential quantities. In: ICIP (2011)
Besl, P., McKay, N.: A method for registration of 3-d shapes. TPAMI 14(2), 239–256 (1992)
Zhang, Z.: Iterative point matching for registration of free-form curves and surfaces. IJCV 13(2), 119–152 (1994)
Bookstein, F.L.: Principal warps: thin-plate splines and the decomposition of deformations. TPAMI 11(6), 567–585 (1989)
Dryden, I.L., Mardia, K.V.: Statistical Shape Analysis. John Wiley and Sons (1998)
Medioni, G., Waupotitsch, R.: Face modeling and recognition in 3-d. In: AMFG (2003)
Lu, X., Jain, A.: Deformation analysis for 3d face matching. WACV (2005)
Hesher, C., Srivastava, A., Erlebacher, G.: A novel technique for face recognition using range imaging. ISSPA (2003)
Heseltine, T., Pears, N., Austin, J.: Three-dimensional face recognition: an eigensurface approach. In: ICIP (2004)
Heseltine, T., Pears, N.E., Austin, J.: Three-dimensional face recognition: A fishersurface approach. In: Campilho, A.C., Kamel, M.S. (eds.) ICIAR 2004. LNCS, vol. 3212, pp. 684–691. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Wu, Z., Wang, Y., Pan, G.: 3D face recognition using local shape map. In: ICIP (2004)
Mian, A., Bennamoun, M., Owens, R.: Matching tensors for pose invariant automatic 3d face recognition. In: CVPRW (2005)
Cartoux, J., LaPreste, J., Richetin, M.: Face authentication or recognition by profile extraction from range images. In: Workshop on Interpretation of 3d Scenes (1989)
Nagamine, T., Uemura, T., Masuda, I.: 3D facial image analysis for human identification. In: ICPR (1992)
Wu, Y., Pan, G., Wu, Z.: Face authentication based on multiple profiles extracted from range data. In: AVBPA (2003)
Li, C., Barreto, A., Zhai, J., Chin, C.: Exploring face recognition by combining 3d profiles and contours. In: IEEE Southeast Conference (2005)
Lee, J.C., Milios, E.: Matching range images of human faces. In: ICCV (1990)
Tanaka, H.T., Ikeda, M., Chiaki, H.: Curvature-based face surface recognition using spherical correlation principal directions for curved object recognition. In: FG (1998)
Chua, C., Han, F., Ho, Y.K.: 3D human face recognition using point signature. In: FG (2000)
Lee, Y., Park, K., Shim, J., Yi, T.: 3D face recognition using statistical multiple features for the local depth information. In: VI (2003)
Moreno, A.B., Sanchez, A., Velez, J.F., Diaz, F.J.: Face recognition using 3d surface-extracted descriptors. In: IMVIP (2003)
Chang, K.I., Bowyer, K.W., Flynn, P.J.: Adaptive rigid multi-region selection for handling expression variation in 3d face recognition. In: CVPRW (2005)
Chang, K.I., Bowyer, K.W., Flynn, P.J.: Multiple nose region matching for 3d face recognition under varying facial expression. TPAMI 28(10), 1695–1700 (2006)
Lu, X., Jain, A.: Deformation modeling for robust 3d face matching. In: CVPR (2006)
Lu, X., Jain, A.: Deformation modeling for robust 3d face matching. TPAMI 30(8), 1346–1357 (2008)
Lu, X., Colbry, D., Jain, A.: Three-dimensional model based face recognition. In: ICPR (2004)
Gu, X., Gortler, S.J., Hoppe, H.: Geometry images. In: SIGGRAPH (2002)
Amberg, B., Knothe, R., Vetter, T.: Expression invariant 3d face recognition with a morphable model. In: FG (2008)
Blanz, V., Vetter, T.: Face recognition based on fitting a 3d morphable model. TPAMI 25(9), 1063–1074 (2003)
Mpiperis, I., Malassiotis, S., Strintzis, M.: Bilinear models for 3-d face and facial expression recognition. TIFS 3(3), 498–511 (2008)
Tenenbaum, J., Freeman, W.: Separating style and content with bilinear models. Neural Computation 12(6), 1247–1283 (2000)
Al-Osaimi, F., Bennamoun, M., Mian, A.: An expression deformation approach to non-rigid 3d face recognition. IJCV 81(3), 302–316 (2009)
Ocegueda, O., Shah, S., Kakadiaris, I.: Which parts of the face give out your identity? In: CVPR (2011)
Ocegueda, O., Passalis, G., Theoharis, T., Shah, S., Kakadiaris, I.: UR3D-C: linear dimensionality reduction for efficient 3d face recognition. IJCB (2011)
Chu, D., Shah, S., Kakadiaris, I.: 3D face recognition for partial data using semi-coupled dictionary learning. In: FG (2013)
Bronstein, A., Bronstein, K.R.: Expression-invariant 3d face recognition. In: AVBPA (2003)
Bronstein, A.M., Bronstein, M.M., Spira, A., Kimmel, R.: Face recognition from facial surface metric. In: Pajdla, T., Matas, J(G.) (eds.) ECCV 2004. LNCS, vol. 3022, pp. 225–237. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Bronstein, A., Bronstein, M., Kimmel, R.: Expression-invariant representations of faces. TIP 16(1), 188–197 (2007)
Bronstein, A.M., Bronstein, M.M., Kimmel, R.: Robust expression-invariant face recognition from partially missing data. In: Leonardis, A., Bischof, H., Pinz, A. (eds.) ECCV 2006. LNCS, vol. 3953, pp. 396–408. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Mpiperis, I., Malassiotis, S., Strintzis, M.: 3-D face recognition with the geodesic polar representation. TIFS 2(3), 537–547 (2007)
Samir, C., Srivastava, A., Daoudi, M.: Three-dimensional face recognition using shapes of facial curves. TPAMI 28(11), 1858–1863 (2006)
Samir, C., Srivastava, A., Daoudi, M., Klassen, E.: An intrinsic framework for analysis of facial surfaces. IJCV 82(1), 80–95 (2009)
Ballihi, L., Ben Amor, B., Daoudi, M., Srivastava, A., Aboutajdine, D.: Boosting 3-d geometric features for efficient face recognition and gender classification. TIFS 7(6), 1766–1779 (2012)
Drira, H., Ben Amor, B., Daoudi, M., Srivastava, A.: Pose and expression-invariant 3d face recognition using elastic radial curves. In: BMVC (2010)
Berretti, S., Del Bimbo, A., Pala, P.: Description and retrieval of 3d face models using iso-geodesic stripes. In: MIR (2006)
Berretti, S., Del Bimbo, A., Pala, P.: Analysis and retrieval of 3d facial models using iso-geodesic stripes. In: CBMI (2008)
Berretti, S., Del Bimbo, A., Pala, P.: 3D face recognition using isogeodesic stripes. TPAMI 32(12), 2162–2177 (2010)
Faltemier, T., Bowyer, K., Flynn, P.: A region ensemble for 3d face recognition. TIFS 3(1), 62–73 (2008)
Queirolo, C., Silva, L., Bellon, O., Segundo, M.: 3D face recognition using simulated annealing and the surface interpenetration measure. TPAMI 32(2), 206–219 (2010)
Spreeuwers, L.J.: Fast and accurate 3d face recognition using registration to an intrinsic coordinate system and fusion of multiple region classifiers. IJCV 93(3), 389–414 (2011)
Gokberk, B., Irfanoglu, M., Akarun, L.: 3D shape-based face representation and feature extraction for face recognition. IVC 24(8), 857–869 (2006)
Mian, A., Bennamoun, M., Owens, R.: A novel representation and feature matching algorithm for automatic pairwise registration of range images. IJCV 66(1), 19–40 (2006)
Mian, A., Bennamoun, M., Owens, R.: Three-dimensional model-based object recognition and segmentation in cluttered scenes. TPAMI 28(10), 1584–1601 (2006)
Huang, D., Zhang, G., Ardabilian, M., Wang, Y., Chen, L.: 3D face recognition using distinctiveness enhanced facial representations and local feature hybrid matching. In: BTAS (2010)
Huang, D., Ardabilian, M., Wang, Y., Chen, L.: A novel geometric facial representation based on multi-scale extended local binary patterns. In: FG (2011)
Smeets, D., Keustermans, J., Vandermeulen, D., Suetens, P.: meshsift: Local surface features for 3d face recognition under expression variations and partial data. CVIU 117(2), 158–169 (2013)
Berretti, S., Werghi, N., Del Bimbo, A., Pala, P.: Matching 3d face scans using interest points and local histogram descriptors. CG 37(5), 509–525 (2013)
Cook, J., Chandran, V., Fookes, C.: 3D face recognition using loggabor templates. In: BMVC (2006)
Cook, J., Chandran, V., Fookes, C.: Multiscale representation for 3-d face recognition. TIFS 2(3), 529–536 (2007)
Wang, Y., Liu, J., Tang, X.: Robust 3d face recognition by local shape difference boosting. TPAMI 32(10), 1858–1870 (2010)
Huang, D., Ouji, K., Ardabilian, M., Wang, Y., Chen, L.: 3D face recognition based on local shape patterns and sparse representation classifier. In: Lee, K.-T., Tsai, W.-H., Liao, H.-Y.M., Chen, T., Hsieh, J.-W., Tseng, C.-C. (eds.) MMM 2011 Part I. LNCS, vol. 6523, pp. 206–216. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Li, X., Jia, T., Zhang, H.: Expression-insensitive 3d face recognition using sparse representation. In: CVPR (2009)
Li, H., Huang, D., Morvan, J.-M., Chen, L., Wang, Y.: Expression-robust 3d face recognition via weighted sparse representation of multi-scale and multi-component local normal patterns. Neurocomputing 133, 179–193 (2014)
Vijayan, V., Bowyer, K., Flynn, P., Huang, D., Chen, L., Hansen, M., Shah, S., Ocegueda, O., Kakadiaris, I.: Twins 3d face recognition challenge. IJCB (2011)
Li, H., Huang, D., Chen, L., Wang, Y., Morvan, J.-M.: A group of facial normal descriptors for recognizing 3d identical twins. BTAS (2012)
Wang, J., Yin, L., Wei, X., Sun, Y.: 3D facial expression recognition based on primitive surface feature distribution. In: CVPR (2006)
Gong, B., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Tang, X.: Automatic facial expression recognition on a single 3d face by exploring shape deformation. ACM MM (2009)
Zeng, W., Li, H., Chen, L., Morvan, J.-M., Gu, X.: An automatic 3d expression recognition framework based on sparse representation of conformal images. FG (2013)
Zhao, X., Dellandrea, E., Chen, L., Samaras, D.: AU recognition on 3d faces based on an extended statistical facial feature model. BTAS (2010)
Sun, Y., Yin, L.: Facial expression recognition based on 3D dynamic range model sequences. In: Forsyth, D., Torr, P., Zisserman, A. (eds.) ECCV 2008, Part II. LNCS, vol. 5303, pp. 58–71. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Drira, H., Ben Amor, B., Daoudi, M., Srivastava, A., Berretti, S.: 3D dynamic expression recognition based on a novel deformation vector field and random forest. In: ICPR (2012)
Xia, B., Ben Amor, B., Drira, H., Daoudi, M., Ballihi, L.: Gender and 3d facial symmetry: what’s the relationship? In: FG (2013)
Sandbach, G., Zafeiriou, S., Pantic, M., Yin, L.: Static and dynamic 3d facial expression recognition: a comprehensive survey. IVC 30(10), 683–697 (2012)
Zafeiriou, S., Hansen, M., Atkinson, G., Argyriou, V., Petrou, M., Smith, M., Smith, L.: The photoface database. In: CVPRW (2011)
Zhao, X., Huang, D., Dellandrea, E., Chen, L.: Automatic 3d facial expression recognition based on a bayesian belief net and a statistical facial feature model. In: ICPR (2010)
Li, H., Morvan, J.-M., Chen, L.: 3D facial expression recognition based on histograms of surface differential quantities. In: Blanc-Talon, J., Kleihorst, R., Philips, W., Popescu, D., Scheunders, P. (eds.) ACIVS 2011. LNCS, vol. 6915, pp. 483–494. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Li, H., Chen, L., Huang, D., Wang, Y., Morvan, J.-M.: 3D facial expression recognition via multiple kernel learning of multi-scale local normal patterns. In: ICPR (2012)
Li, H., Huang, D., Morvan, J.-M., Chen, L.: Learning weighted sparse representation of encoded facial normal information for expression-robust 3d face recognition. IJCB (2011)
Tang, H., Huang, T.: 3D facial expression recognition based on automatically selected features. In: CVPRW (2008)
Berretti, S., Del Bimbo, A., Pala, P., Ben Amor, B., Daoudi, M.: A set of selected SIFT features for 3d facial expression recognition. In: ICPR (2010)
Ding, H., Huang, D., Wang, Y., Chen, L.: Facial ethnicity classification based on boosted local texture and shape descriptions. In: FG (2013)
Moreno, A.B., Sánchez, A.: GavabDB: a 3d face database. In: COST275 Workshop on Biometrics on the Internet (2004)
Faltemier, T., Bowyer, K., Flynn, P.: Using a multi-instance enrollment representation to improve 3d face recognition. In: BTAS (2007)
Conde, C., Serrano, A., Cabello, E.: Multimodal 2d, 2.5d & 3d face verification. In: ICIP (2006)
Gupta, S., Castleman, K., Markey, M., Bovik, A.C.: Texas 3d face recognition database. In: SSIAI (2010)
Heseltine, T., Pears, N., Austin, J.: Three-dimensional face recognition using combinations of surface feature map subspace components. IVC 26(3), 382–396 (2008)
CASIA-3D FaceV1, http://biometrics.idealtest.org/
Colombo, A., Cusano, C., Schettini, R.: UMB-DB: A database of partially occluded 3d faces. In: ICCVW (2011)
Chen, C., Weng, Y., Zhou, S., Tong, Y., Zhou, K.: FaceWarehouse: a 3d facial expression database for visual computing. TVCG 20(3), 413–425 (2014)
Colbry, D., Stockman, G., Jain, A.: Detection of anchor points for 3d face verication. In: CVPRW (2005)
Szeptycki, P., Ardabilian, M., Chen, L.: A coarse-to-fine curvature analysis-based rotation invariant 3d face landmarking. In: BTAS (2009)
Liu, P., Wang, Y., Huang, D., Zhang, Z., Chen, L.: Learning the spherical harmonic features for 3-d face recognition. TIP 22(3), 914–925 (2013)
D’Hose, J., Colineau, J., Bichon, C., Dorizzi, B.: Precise localization of landmarks on 3d faces using gabor wavelets. In: BTAS (2007)
Romero, M., Pears, N.: Landmark localisation in 3d face data. In: AVSS (2009)
Faltemier, T., Bowyer, K., Flynn, P.: Rotated profile signatures for robust 3d feature detection. In: FG (2008)
Segundo, M., Silva, L., Bellon, O.P., Queirolo, C.: Automatic face segmentation and facial landmark detection in range images. TSMCB 40(5), 1319–1330 (2010)
Fanelli, G., Dantone, M., Gall, J., Fossati, A., Van Gool, L.: Random forests for real time 3D face analysis. IJCV 101(3), 437–458 (2012)
Nair, P., Cavallaro, A.: 3-D face detection, landmark localization and registration using a point distribution model. TMM 11(4), 611–623 (2009)
Zhao, X., Dellandrea, E., Chen, L., Kakadiaris, I.: Accurate landmarking of three-dimensional facial data in the presence of facial expression and occlusions using a three-dimensional statistical facial feature model. TSMCB 41(5), 1417–1428 (2011)
Perakis, P., Passalis, G., Theoharis, T., Kakadiaris, I.: 3D facial landmark detection under large yaw and expression variations. TPAMI 35(7), 1552–1564 (2013)
Creusot, C., Pears, N., Austin, J.: A machine-learning approach to keypoint detection and landmarking on 3d meshes. IJCV 102(1-3), 146–179 (2013)
Mohammadzade, H., Hatzinakos, D.: Iterative closest normal point for 3d face recognition. TPAMI 35(2), 381–397 (2013)
Huang, D., Ardabilian, M., Wang, Y., Chen, L.: Asymmetric 3d/2d face recognition based on lbp facial representation and canonical correlation analysis. In: ICIP (2009)
Huang, D., Ardabilian, M., Wang, Y., Chen, L.: Automatic asymmetric 3d-2d face recognition. In: ICPR (2010)
Toderici, G., Passalis, G., Zafeiriou, S., Tzimiropoulos, G., Petrou, M., Theoharis, T., Kakadiaris, I.: Bidirectional relighting for 3d-aided 2d face recognition. In: CVPR (2010)
Veltkamp, R.C., Van Jole, S., Drira, H., Ben Amor, B., Daoudi, M., Li, H., Chen, L., Claes, P., Smeets, D., Hermans, J., Vandermeulen, D., Suetens, P.: SHREC 2011 track: 3D face models retrieval. EG-3 DOR (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Huang, D., Sun, J., Yang, X., Weng, D., Wang, Y. (2014). 3D Face Analysis: Advances and Perspectives. In: Sun, Z., Shan, S., Sang, H., Zhou, J., Wang, Y., Yuan, W. (eds) Biometric Recognition. CCBR 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8833. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12484-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12484-1_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12483-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12484-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)