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Application of Some Modern Techniques in Load Frequency Control in Power Systems

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Chaos Modeling and Control Systems Design

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 581))

Abstract

The main objective of Load Frequency Control (LFC) is to regulate the power output of the electric generator within an area in response to changes in system frequency and tie-line loading. Thus the LFC helps in maintaining the scheduled system frequency and tie-line power interchange with the other areas within the prescribed limits. Most LFCs are primarily composed of an integral controller. The integrator gain is set to a level that compromises between fast transient recovery and low overshoot in the dynamic response of the overall system. This type of controller is slow and does not allow the controller designer to take into account possible changes in operating conditions and non-linearities in the generator unit. Moreover, it lacks robustness. This chapter studies LFC in two areas power system using PID controller. In this chapter, PID parameters are tuned using different tuning techniques. The overshoots and settling times with the proposed controllers are better than the outputs of the conventional PID controllers. This chapter uses MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Simulations are done by using the same PID parameters for the two different areas because it gives a better performance for the system frequency response than the case of using two different sets of PID parameters for the two areas. The used methods in this chapter are: (a) Particle Swarm Optimization,(b) Adaptive Weight Particle Swarm Optimization, (c) Adaptive Acceleration Coefficients based PSO (AACPSO) and (d) Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The comparison has been carried out for these different controllers for two areas power system, the study presents advanced techniques for Load Frequency Control. These proposed techniques are based on Artificial Intelligence. It gives promising results.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical Communication Department, Faculty of Engineering, Canadian International College (CIC), 6 October City, Giza, Egypt

    Naglaa Kamel Bahgaat

  2. Electrical Power Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohammed Ibrahim El-Sayed Ahmed

  3. Electrical Power Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Moustafa Hassan

  4. Electrical Power Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Banha University, Cairo, Egypt

    Fahmy M. Bendary

Authors
  1. Naglaa Kamel Bahgaat
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  2. Mohammed Ibrahim El-Sayed Ahmed
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  3. Mohamed A. Moustafa Hassan
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  4. Fahmy M. Bendary
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naglaa Kamel Bahgaat .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Computers and Information, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

    Ahmad Taher Azar

  2. Research and Development Centre, Vel Tech University, Chennai, India

    Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan

Appendix

Appendix

Transmission line 1 parameters

Kg1 = 1

 

Kt1 = 1

 

Tg1 = 0.08

 

Tt1 = 20

 

R1 = 2.4

 

T11 = 20

 

Kl1 = 120

 

a12 = 1

 

Transmission line 2 parameters

Kg2 = 1

 

Kt2 = 1

 

Tg2 = 0.08

 

Tt2 = 0.33

 

R2 = 2.4

 

T12 = 20

 

Kl2 = 120

 

N = 25

Number of swarm beings

d = 6

Two dimensional problem

n = 500

Number of iterations

W0 = 0.15

Percentage of old velocity

A0 = 0.5

Acceleration factor constant between [0 1]

C1 = 2.05

Percentage towards personal optimum

C2 = 2.05

Percentage towards

x0range = [0 10]

Range of uniform initial distribution of positions

vstddev = 1

Std. deviation of initial velocities

C11 = 2

Percentage towards personal optimum used in ACC

C22 = 2.05

Percentage towards used in ACC

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Bahgaat, N.K., Ahmed, M.I.ES., Hassan, M.A.M., Bendary, F.M. (2015). Application of Some Modern Techniques in Load Frequency Control in Power Systems. In: Azar, A., Vaidyanathan, S. (eds) Chaos Modeling and Control Systems Design. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 581. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13132-0_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13132-0_8

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