Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

CARPOOL: Connectivity Plan Routing Protocol

  • Conference paper
Wired/Wireless Internet Communications (WWIC 2014)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCCN,volume 8458))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Basic Internet access is considered a human right, however geographical, technological and socio-economic reasons set barriers to universal Internet access. To address this challenge, we have proposed an access method based on message ferrying that enables free delay-tolerant Internet access to all, and developed Connectivity plAn Routing PrOtOcOL (CARPOOL), a reference routing protocol for the proposed access method. In this paper, we describe CARPOOL in depth and evaluate its performance for increasing traffic load. Focusing on an urban scenario, where means of public transport, such as buses, follow predefined routes and schedules, CARPOOL utilises a priori knowledge about their current location to extend Internet access provided by hotspots to users and areas that are not typically covered. Our simulation results show that CARPOOL effectively exploits the existing connectivity plan of public transportation, achieving high delivery ratio with minimum overhead. This paper also discusses possible enhancements of the proposed routing protocol.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Rue, L.F.: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression. Human Rights Council, Seventeenth session Agenda item 3, United Nations General Assembly (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cerf, V., Burleigh, S., Hooke, A., Torgerson, L., Durst, L., Scott, K., Fall, K., Weiss, H.: Delay–Tolerant Networking Architecture, Internet RFC4838 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Fall, K.: A Delay-Tolerant Network Architecture for Challenged Internets. In: Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Scott, K., Burleigh, S.: Bundle protocol specification. RFC 5050 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Komnios, I., Tsaoussidis, V.: CARPOOL: Extending free Internet access over DTN in urban environment. In: Proc. of the 2013 ACM MobiCom Workshop on Lowest Cost Denominator Networking for Universal Access (LCDNet 2013), pp. 21–24. ACM, New York (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Thraves, G., Urueta, A., Vidales, P., Solarski, M.: Driving the deployment of citywide ubiquitous WiFi access. In: Proc. of the Proceedings of First International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques for Communications, pp. 1–8 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sathiaseelan, A., Trossen, D., Komnios, I., Ott, J., Crowcroft, J.: Information Centric Delay Tolerant Networking: An Internet Architecture for the Challenged. Computer Laboratory Technical Report, UCAM-CL-TR-841 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sofia, R., Mendes, P.: User-provided networks: consumer as provider. IEEE Communications Magazine 46(12), 86–91 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Psaras, I., Mamatas, L.: On demand connectivity sharing: Queuing management and load balancing for user-provided networks. Computer Networks 55(2), 399–414 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Komnios, I., Sathiaseelan, A., Crowcroft, J.: LEDBAT Performance in Sub-packet Regimes. In: 11th IEEE/IFIP Annual Conference on Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services (WONS 2014), Obergurgl, Austria (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lenas, S.A., Tsaoussidis, V.: Enabling free Internet access at the edges of broadband connections: A hybrid packet scheduling approach. SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review (MC2R) 18(1), 55–63 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sathiaseelan, A., Crowcroft, J., Goulden, M., Greiffenhagen, C., Mortier, R., Fairhurst, G., McAuley, D.: Public Access WiFi Service (PAWS). In: Digital Economy All Hands Meeting, Aberdeen (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  13. FON WIRELESS, http://www.fon.com

  14. Vahdat, A., Becker, D.: Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks. Technical Report CS-200006, Duke University (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lindgren, A., Doria, A., Davies, E., Grasic, S.: Probabilistic routing protocol for intermittently connected networks. Internet Draft (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., Raghavendra, C.S.: Spray and wait: An efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks. In: Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Delay Tolerant Networking (WDTN) (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Burgess, J., Gallagher, B., Levine, B.N.: MaxProp: Routing for Vehicle-Based Disruption-Tolerant Networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE InfoCom (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ho, M., Fall, K.: Poster: Delay tolerant networking for sensor networks. In: The First IEEE Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON) (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Seth, A., Kroeker, D., Zaharia, M., Guo, S., Keshav, S.: Low-cost communication for rural Internet kiosks using mechanical backhaul. In: Proc. of the MobiCom 2006, New York, NY, USA, pp. 334–345 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Xian, Y., Huang, C., Cobb, J.: Look-ahead routing and message scheduling in delay-tolerant networks. In: Proc. IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Burleigh, S.: Contact Graph Routing. Internet Draft (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bezirgiannidis, N., Burleigh, S., Tsaoussidis, V.: Delivery Time Estimation for Space Bundles. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 49(3), 1897–1910 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hyyrylainen, T., Karkkainen, T., Luo, C., Jaspertas, V., Karvo, J., Ott, J.: Opportunistic Email Distribution and Access in Challenged Heterogeneous Environments. In: Proc. of the ACM Workshop on Challenged Networks (CHANTS) (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lindgren, A.: Social Networking in a Disconnected Network: fbDTN: Facebook over DTN. In: Proc. of the 6th ACM Workshop on Challenged Networks (CHANTS), pp. 69–70 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Zaragoza, K., Thai, N., Christensen, T.: An implementation for accessing Twitter across challenged networks. In: Proc. of the 6th ACM Workshop on Challenged Networks (CHANTS), pp. 71–72 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Demmer, M., Fall, K.: The design and implementation of a session layer for delay-tolerant networks. Computer Communications 32(16), 1724–1730 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Keranen, A., Ott, J., Karkkainen, T.: The ONE simulator for DTN protocol evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (SIMUTools), New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Space Internetworking Center, Office 1, Building A, Panepistimioupoli Kimmeria, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100, Xanthi, Greece

    Ioannis Komnios & Vassilis Tsaoussidis

Authors
  1. Ioannis Komnios
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vassilis Tsaoussidis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Image, Signal and Intelligent Systems Laboratory - LISSI, Dept of Networks and Communications, Univesity of paris Est Creteil, 94400, Vitry sur Seine, France

    Abdelhamid Mellouk

  2. Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, ITN Bredgatan 34, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden

    Scott Fowler

  3. Université Paris Est, Créteil, Val de Marne, 122 rue Paul Armangot, 94400, Vitry sur Seine, France

    Saïd Hoceini

  4. Image, Signal and Intelligent Systems Laboratory - LISSI, Dept of Networks and Communications, University of Paris Est, 122 rue Paul Armangot, 94400, Vitry sur Seine, France

    Boubaker Daachi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Komnios, I., Tsaoussidis, V. (2014). CARPOOL: Connectivity Plan Routing Protocol. In: Mellouk, A., Fowler, S., Hoceini, S., Daachi, B. (eds) Wired/Wireless Internet Communications. WWIC 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8458. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13174-0_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13174-0_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-13173-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-13174-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation