Abstract
In an environment in which free-riders are better off than cooperators, social control is required to foster and maintain cooperation. There are two main paths through which social control can be applied: punishment and reputation. Using a Public Goods Game, we show that gossip, used for assortment under three different strategies, can be effective in large groups, whereas its efficacy is reduced in small groups, with no main effect of the gossiping strategy. We also test four different combinations of gossip and costly punishment, showing that a combination of punishment and reputation-based partner selection leads to higher cooperation rates.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The model can be downloaded at http://labss.istc.cnr.it/code/punishment-and- reputation.
References
Alexander, R.: The Biology of Moral Systems (Foundations of Human Behavior). Aldine Transaction, New York (1987)
Axelrod, R.: The Evolution of Cooperation. Basic Books, New York (1984)
Carpenter, J.P.: Punishing free-riders: how group size affects mutual monitoring and the provision of public goods. Games Econ. Behav. 60(1), 31–51 (2007)
Dunbar, R.I.M.: Gossip in evolutionary perspective. Rev. Gen. Psychol. 8(2), 100–110 (2004)
Ellickson, R.: Order without Law : How Neighbors Settle Disputes. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (2005)
Fehr, E., Gächter, S.: Cooperation and punishment in public goods experiments. Am. Econ. Rev. 90(4), 980–994 (2000)
Fehr, E., Gachter, S.: Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature 415(6868), 137–140 (2002)
Fehr, E., Schneider, F.: Eyes are on us, but nobody cares: are eye cues relevant for strong reciprocity? Proc. Biol. Sci. R. Soc. 277(1686), 1315–1323 (2010)
Giardini, F., Conte, R.: Gossip for social control in natural and artificial societies. SIMULATION 88(1), 18–32 (2012)
Giardini, F., Paolucci, M., Conte, R.: Reputation. In: Edmonds, B., Meyer, R. (eds.) Handbook on Simulating Social Complexity. Understanding Complex Systems, pp. 573–577. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Giardini, F., Paolucci, M., Villatoro, D., Conte, R.: Punishment and gossip: sustaining cooperation in a public goods game. In: Kamiński, B., Koloch, G. (eds.) Advances in Social Simulation. AISC, vol. 229, pp. 107–118. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Grimm, V., Berger, U., Bastiansen, F., et al.: A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models. Ecol. Model. 198(1–2), 115–126 (2006)
Guala, F.: Reciprocity: weak or strong? What punishment experiments do (and do not) demonstrate. Departmental Working Papers 2010–23, Department of Economics, Business and Statistics at Università degli Studi di Milano, July 2010
Hardin, G.: The Tragedy of the Commons. Science 162(3859), 1243–1248 (1968)
Heckathorn, D.D.: Collective action and the second-order free-rider problem. Ration. Soc. 1(1), 78–100 (1989)
Hothorn, T., Hornik, K., Zeileis, A.: Unbiased recursive partitioning. J. Comput. Graph. Stat. 15(3), 651–674 (2006)
Ledyard, J.O.: Public goods: a survey of experimental research. In: Kagel, J.H., Roth, A.E. (eds.) Handbook of Experimental Economics, pp. 111–194. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1995)
Maynard-Smith, J.: Evolution and the Theory of Games. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1982)
Nowak, M.A., Sigmund, K.: Evolution of indirect reciprocity by image scoring. Nature 393(6685), 573–577 (1998)
Panchanathan, K., Boyd, R.: Indirect reciprocity can stabilize cooperation without the second-order free rider problem. Nature 432(7016), 499–502 (2004)
Pinyol, I., Paolucci, M., Sabater-Mir, J., Conte, R.: Beyond accuracy. reputation for partner selection with lies and retaliation. In: Antunes, L., Paolucci, M., Norling, E. (eds.) MABS 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5003, pp. 128–140. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Rockenbach, B., Milinski, M.: The efficient interaction of indirect reciprocity and costly punishment. Nature 444(7120), 718–723 (2006)
Wedekind, C., Milinski, M.: Cooperation through image scoring in humans. Science 288(5467), 850–852 (2000)
Wilensky, U.: Netlogo. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University. Evanston (1999). http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge support from PRISMA project, within the Italian National Program for Research and Innovation (Programma Operativo Nazionale Ricerca e Competitivitá 2007–2013. Settore: Smart Cities and Communities and Social Innovation Asse e Obiettivo: Asse II - Azioni integrate per lo sviluppo sostenibile).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Giardini, F., Paolucci, M., Adamatti, D., Conte, R. (2015). Group Size and Gossip Strategies: An ABM Tool for Investigating Reputation-Based Cooperation. In: Grimaldo, F., Norling, E. (eds) Multi-Agent-Based Simulation XV. MABS 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9002. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14627-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14627-0_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-14626-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-14627-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)