Abstract
Default rules of the form “If A then (usually, probably) B” can be represented conveniently by conditionals. To every consistent knowledge base \(\mathcal{R}\) with such qualitative conditionals over a propositional language, system Z assigns a unique minimal model that accepts every conditional in \(\mathcal{R}\) and that is therefore a model of \(\mathcal{R}\) inductively completing the explicitly given knowledge. In this paper, we propose a generalization of system Z for a first-order setting. For a first-order conditional knowledge base \(\mathcal{R}\) over unary predicates, we present the definition of a system Z-like ranking function, prove that it yields a model of \(\mathcal{R}\), and illustrate its construction by a detailed example.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, E.: Probability and the logic of conditionals. In: Hintikka, J., Suppes, P. (eds.) Aspects of Inductive Logic, pp. 265–316. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1966)
Beierle, C., Kern-Isberner, G.: Methoden wissensbasierter Systeme - Grundlagen, Algorithmen, Anwendungen, 5th, revised and extended edn. Springer, Wiesbaden (2014)
Bonatti, P., Faella, M., Sauro, L.: Defeasible inclusions in low-complexity DLs. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 42, 719–764 (2011)
Brewka, G.: Tweety - still flying: Some remarks on abnormal birds applicable rules and a default prover. In: Kehler, T. (ed.) Proceedings of the 5th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Philadelphia, PA, August 11-15. Science, vol. 1, pp. 8–12. Morgan Kaufmann (1986)
Britz, K., Heidema, J., Meyer, T.: Semantic preferential subsumption. In: Proceedings of KR-2008. pp. 476–484. AAAI Press/MIT Press (2008)
Delgrande, J.: On first-order conditional logics. Artificial Intelligence 105, 105–137 (1998)
de Finetti, B.: La prévision, ses lois logiques et ses sources subjectives. Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré 7 (1937), English translation in Kyburg, H., Smokler, H.E.: Studies in Subjective Probability, pp. 93-158. Wiley, New York (1964)
Gelfond, M., Leone, N.: Logic programming and knowledge representation – the A-prolog perspective. Artificial Intelligence 138, 3–38 (2002)
Giordano, L., Gliozzi, V., Olivetti, N.: Minimal model semantics and rational closure in description logics. In: Proceedings of DL-2013 (2013)
Goldszmidt, M., Pearl, J.: Qualitative probabilities for default reasoning, belief revision, and causal modeling. Artificial Intelligence 84, 57–112 (1996)
Kern-Isberner, G.: A thorough axiomatization of a principle of conditional preservation in belief revision. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 40(1-2), 127–164 (2004)
Kern-Isberner, G., Eichhorn, C.: Structural inference from conditional knowledge bases. Studia Logica, Special Issue Logic and Probability: Reasoning in Uncertain Environments 102(4) (2014)
Kern-Isberner, G., Thimm, M.: A ranking semantics for first-order conditionals. In: De Raedt, L., Bessiere, C., Dubois, D., Doherty, P., Frasconi, P., Heintz, F., Lucas, P. (eds.) Proceedings 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI-2012. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 242, pp. 456–461. IOS Press (2012)
Lehmann, D., Magidor, M.: What does a conditional knowledge base entail? Artificial Intelligence 55, 1–60 (1992)
Pearl, J.: System Z: A natural ordering of defaults with tractable applications to nonmonotonic reasoning. In: Proc. of the 3rd Conf. on Theor. Asp. of Reasoning about Knowledge, TARK 1990, pp. 121–135. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco (1990)
Spohn, W.: Ordinal conditional functions: a dynamic theory of epistemic states. In: Harper, W., Skyrms, B. (eds.) Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, II, pp. 105–134. Kluwer Academic Publishers (1988)
Spohn, W.: The Laws of Belief: Ranking Theory and Its Philosophical Applications. Oxford University Press (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kern-Isberner, G., Beierle, C. (2015). A System Z-like Approach for First-Order Default Reasoning. In: Eiter, T., Strass, H., Truszczyński, M., Woltran, S. (eds) Advances in Knowledge Representation, Logic Programming, and Abstract Argumentation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9060. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14726-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14726-0_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-14725-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-14726-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)