Definition
These are spatial matrices that are used to define spatial contiguity.
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The contiguity relations used for spatial autocorrelation measures such as Moran, Getis-Ord and Geary are in terms of sets of neighbors of location i. These are coded in the form of a weights matrix W, with a zero diagonal, and the off-diagonal non-zero elements. The off-diagonal elements are often scaled to sum to unity in each row. They indicate the proximity of locations either through distance measures or by equaling 1 when the locations are proximate and 0 otherwise.
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Recommended Reading
Cliff A, Ord JK (1973) Autocorrelation, spatial. Pion, London
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Srinivasan, S. (2017). Spatial Contiguity Matrices. In: Shekhar, S., Xiong, H., Zhou, X. (eds) Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_1253
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_1253
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