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Geography Markup Language (GML)

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of GIS

  • 153 Accesses

Synonyms

Exchange Format; Extensibility; Features; Format; GML; Interoperability; ISO; OGC; Open Source; Properties, Geometric; Properties, Simple; Reference System, Spatial; Reference System, Temporal; Resource Description Framework (RDF); Schema

Definition

Geography Markup Language (GML) is an open-source encoding based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), and suitable for the representation of geographical objects. Organized as a hierarchy of features, collections, and geometries, among other structures, GML objects are modeled after real-world entities characterized by properties and state. In addition, GML has been defined as an information exchange and storage format with which disparate systems can share common geographic data. GML schemas establish a standard blueprint of how geographic objects can be defined by one system and understood by others in a vendor-independent manner.

Historical Background

Advances in geospatial applications have promoted the creation of...

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References

  • Bonifati A, Ceri S (2000) Comparative analysis of five XML query languages. ACM SIGMOD Rec 29: 68–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox S, Daisey P, Lake R, Portele C, Whiteside A (2006) OpenGIS geography markup language (GML 3.0) implementation specification, OpenGIS specifications. http://www.opengis.org/specs/?page=specs. Accessed 3 Dec 2006

  • Li Q, Moon B (2001) Indexing and querying XML data for regular path expressions. In: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on very large data bases, Rome, pp 361–370

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  • XQuery 1.0: An XML query language, W3C working draft. http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery/. Accessed 3 Dec 2006

Recommended Reading

  • Peng ZR, Tsou MH (2003) Internet GIS – distributed geographic information services for the Internet and wireless networks. Wiley, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

  • Shekhar S, Chawla S (2003) Spatial databases: a tour. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

    Raimundo F. Dos Santos

  2. Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, 7054 Haycock Road, R310, 22043, Falls Church, VA, USA

    Chang-Tien Lu

Authors
  1. Raimundo F. Dos Santos
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  2. Chang-Tien Lu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chang-Tien Lu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Shashi Shekhar

  2. Management Science and Information Systems Department, Rutgers Business School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA

    Hui Xiong

  3. Department of Management Sciences, Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Xun Zhou

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© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

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Cite this entry

Dos Santos, R.F., Lu, CT. (2017). Geography Markup Language (GML). In: Shekhar, S., Xiong, H., Zhou, X. (eds) Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_480

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