Abstract
Face detection shows a challenging problem in the field of image analysis and computer vision and therefore it has received a great deal of attention over the last few years because of its many applications in various areas. In this paper we propose a new method for face detection using an Extended version of Bag of Visual Words (EBoVW). Two extensions of the original bag of visual words are made in this paper, fist, using Fuzzy C-means instead of K-means clustering and second is, building histogram of words using multiple dictionaries for each image. The performances of the original BoVW model with K-means and the proposed EBoVW are evaluated in terms of Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Equal Error Rate (EER) on MIT CBCL Face dataset which is a very large face dataset. The experimental results show the proposed model achieves very promising results.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Jafri, R., Arabnia, H.R.: A Survey of Face Detection Techniques. Journal of Information Processing Systems 5(2) (2009)
Brunelli, R., Poggio, T.: Face detection: features versus templates. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 15, 1042–1052 (1993)
Grudin, M.A.: On internal representations in face detection systems. Pattern Detection 33, 1161–1177 (2000)
Heisele, B., Wu, P.H.J., Poggio, T.: Face detection: component-based versus global approaches. Computer Vision and Image Understanding 91, 6–21 (2003)
Muja, M., Lowe, D.G.: Fast approximate nearest neighbors with automatic algorithm configuration. In: VISAPP (2009)
Chum, O., Philbin, J., Sivic, J., Isard, M., Zisserman, A.: Total recall: automatic query expansion with a generative feature model for object retrieval. In: ICCV (2007)
Jegou, H., Douze, M., Schmid, C.: Hamming embedding and weak geometric consistency for large scale image search. In: Forsyth, D., Torr, P., Zisserman, A. (eds.) ECCV 2008, Part I. LNCS, vol. 5302, pp. 304–317. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Aly, M., Welinder, P., Munich, M., Perona, P.: Towards automated large scale discovery of image families. In: CVPR Workshop on Internet Vision (2009)
Aly, M.: Online learning for parameter selection in large scale image search. In: CVPR Workshop OLCV (2010)
Lowe, D.G.: Distinctive image features from Scale-invariant key-points. International Journal of Computer Vision 2(60), 91–110 (2004)
Toews, M., Arbel, T.: Detection, Localization, and Sex Classification of Faces from Arbitrary Viewpoints and under Occlusion. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 31(9), 1567–1581 (2009)
Center for Biological and Computational Learning at MIT (MIT-CBCL) Face Database #1. http://cbcl.mit.edu/cbcl/software-datasets/FaceData2.html
Zhang, J., Marszałek, M., Lazebnik, C., Schmid, S.: Local features and kernels for classification of texture and Scene categories: a comprehensive study. International Journal of Computer Vision 73(2), 213–238 (2007)
Chang, C.-C., Lin, C.-J.: LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 2, 27:1–27:27 (2011)
Mansfield, A.J., Wayman, J.A.: Best Practices in Testing and Reporting Performance of Biometric Devices (2002)
Smeraldi, F.: Ranklets: orientation selective non-parametric features applied to face detection. In: Proceedings of 16th IEEE International Conference on Pattern Detection, vol. 16(3), pp. 379–382 (2002)
Zhu, H., Koga, T.: Face Detection based on AdaBoost Algorithm with Local Autocorrelations image. IEICE Electronics Express 7(15), 1125–1131 (2010)
Lin, Y.Y., Liu, T.-L.: Robust face detection with multi-class boosting. In: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), vol. 1, pp. 680–687 (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Montazer, G.A., Soltanshahi, M.A., Giveki, D. (2015). Extended Bag of Visual Words for Face Detection. In: Rojas, I., Joya, G., Catala, A. (eds) Advances in Computational Intelligence. IWANN 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9094. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19258-1_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19258-1_41
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19257-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19258-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)