Abstract
We present AttentiveLearner, an intelligent mobile learning system optimized for consuming lecture videos in both Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and flipped classrooms. AttentiveLearner uses on-lens finger gestures as an intuitive control channel for video playback. More importantly, AttentiveLearner implicitly extracts learners’ heart rates and infers their attention by analyzing learners’ fingertip transparency changes during learning on today’s unmodified smart phones. In a 24-participant study, we found heart rates extracted from noisy image frames via mobile cameras can be used to predict both learners’ “mind wandering” events in MOOC sessions and their performance in follow-up quizzes. The prediction performance of AttentiveLearner (accuracy = 71.22%, kappa = 0.22) is comparable with existing research using dedicated sensors. AttentiveLearner has the potential to improve mobile learning by reducing the sensing equipment required by many state-of-the-art intelligent tutoring algorithms.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bixler, R., D’Mello, S.: Toward fully automated person-independent detection of mind wandering. In: Dimitrova, V., Kuflik, T., Chin, D., Ricci, F., Dolog, P., Houben, G.-J. (eds.) UMAP 2014. LNCS, vol. 8538, pp. 37–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Blanchard, N., Bixler, R., Joyce, T., D’Mello, S.: Automated physiological-based detection of mind wandering during learning. In: Trausan-Matu, S., Boyer, K.E., Crosby, M., Panourgia, K. (eds.) ITS 2014. LNCS, vol. 8474, pp. 55–60. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Calvo, R.A., D’Mello, S.: Affect detection: an interdisciplinary review of models, methods, and their applications. In: IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, vol 1, pp 18–37. IEEE Press, New York (2010)
Drummond, J., Litman, D.: In the zone: towards detecting student zoning out using supervised machine learning. In: Aleven, V., Kay, J., Mostow, J. (eds.) ITS 2010, Part II. LNCS, vol. 6095, pp. 306–308. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Fisher, D.: Warming up to MOOCs. http://chronicle.com/blogs/profhacker/warming-up-to-moocs/44022
Fowler, G.A.: An Early Report Card on Massive Open Online Courses. The Wall Street Journal (2013)
Guo, P.J., Kim, J., Rubin, R.: How video production affects student engagement: an empirical study of MOOC videos. In: Proceedings of the First ACM Conference on Learning@ Scale Conference, pp. 41–50. ACM, New York (2014)
Haapalainen, E., Kim, S., Forlizzi, F.J., Dey, K.A.: Psycho-physiological measures for assessing cognitive load. In: Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 301–310. ACM, New York (2010)
Han, T., Xiao, X., Shi, L., Canny, J., Wang, J.: Balancing accuracy and fun: designing engaging camera based mobile games for implicit heart rate monitoring. In: CHI 2015 Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New York (2015)
Killingsworth, M.A., Gilbert, D.T.: A Wandering Mind is an Unhappy Mind. Science 330(6006), 932 (2010)
Kim, J., Guo, P.J., Seaton, D.T., Mitros, P., Gajos, K.Z., Miller, R.C.: Understanding in-video dropouts and interaction peaks in online lecture videos. In: Proceedings of the First ACM Conference on Learning@ Scale Conference, pp. 31–40. ACM, New York (2014)
Kop, R., Fournier, H.: New Dimensions to Self-Directed Learning in an Open Networked Learning Environment. International Journal of Self-Directed Learning 7(2), 2–20 (2011)
Malik, M., Bigger, J.T., Camm, A.J., Kleiger, R.E., Malliani, A., Moss, A.J., Schwartz, P.J.: Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. European heart journal 17(3), 354–381 (1996)
Monserrat, T., Zhao, S., Li, Y., Cao, X.: L.IVE: an integrated interactive video-based learning environment. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 3399–3402. ACM, New York (2014)
Parr, C.: Not Staying the Course, Times Higher Education (2013)
Risko, E., Buchanan, D., Medimorec, S., Kingstone, A.: Everyday attention: Mind wandering and computer use during lectures. Computers & Education 68, 275–283 (2013)
Smallwood, J., Schooler, J.W.: The restless mind. Psychological Bulletin 132(6), 946–958 (2006)
Szafir, D., Mutlu, B.: Artful: adaptive review technology for flipped learning. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1001–1010. ACM, New York (2013)
Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, & Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology: Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation 93(5), 1043–1065 (1996)
Woolf, B., Burleson, W., Arroyo, I., Dragon, T., Cooper, D., Picard, R.: Affect-aware tutors recognising and responding to student affect. International Journal of Learning Technology 4(3), 129–164 (2009)
Xiao, X., Han, T., Wang, J.: LensGesture: augmenting mobile interactions with back-of-device finger gestures. In: Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, pp. 287–294. ACM, New York (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Pham, P., Wang, J. (2015). AttentiveLearner: Improving Mobile MOOC Learning via Implicit Heart Rate Tracking. In: Conati, C., Heffernan, N., Mitrovic, A., Verdejo, M. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9112. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19773-9_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19773-9_37
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19772-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19773-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)