Abstract
The Arteriolar-to-Venular Ratio (AVR) is an index used for the early diagnosis of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular pathologies. This paper presents three automatic approaches for the estimation of the AVR in retinal images that result from the combination of different methodologies in some of the processing phases used for AVR estimation. Each one of these methods includes vessel segmentation, vessel caliber estimation, optic disc detection or segmentation, region of interest determination, vessel classification into arteries and veins and finally AVR calculation. The values produced by the proposed methods on 40 images of the INSPIRE-AVR dataset were compared with a ground-truth obtained by two medical experts using a semi-automated system. The results showed that the measured AVRs are not statistically different from the reference, with mean errors similar to those achieved by the two experts, thus demonstrating the reliability of the herein proposed approach for AVR estimation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Dashtbozorg, B., Mendonca, A.M., Campilho, A.: Assessment of vascular changes in retinal images. In: 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA), pp. 1–4. IEEE (2014)
Dashtbozorg, B., Mendonça, A.M., Campilho, A.: An automatic graph-based approach for artery/vein classification in retinal images. IEEE Transact. Image Process. 23(3), 1073–1083 (2014)
Dashtbozorg, B., Mendonça, A.M., Campilho, A.: Optic disc segmentation using the sliding band filter. Comput. Biol. Med. 56, 1–12 (2015)
Grosvenor, T., Grosvenor, T.P.: Primary Care Optometry. Elsevier Health Sciences, UK (2007)
Knudtson, M.D., Lee, K.E., Hubbard, L.D., Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.: Revised formulas for summarizing retinal vessel diameters. Current Eye Res. 27(3), 143–149 (2003)
Mendonça, A.M., Sousa, A., Mendonça, L., Campilho, A.: Automatic localization of the optic disc by combining vascular and intensity information. Comput. Med. Imaging Graph. 37(5), 409–417 (2013)
Mendonça, A., Dashtbozorg, B., Campilho, A.: Segmentation of the vascular network of the retina. In: Ng, E.Y.K., Acharya, U.R., Campilho, A., Suri, J.S. (eds.) Image Analysis and Modeling in Opthalmology, pp. 85–109. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2014)
Mendonça, A.M., Campilho, A.: Segmentation of retinal blood vessels by combining the detection of centerlines and morphological reconstruction. IEEE Transact. Med. Imaging 25(9), 1200–1213 (2006)
Muramatsu, C., Hatanaka, Y., Iwase, T., Hara, T., Fujita, H.: Automated selection of major arteries and veins for measurement of arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio on retinal fundus images. Comput. Med. Imaging Graph. 35(6), 472–480 (2011)
Neubauer, A.S., Luedtke, M., Haritoglou, C., Priglinger, S., Kampik, A.: Retinal vessel analysis reproducibility in assessing cardiovascular disease. Optom. Vis. Sci. 85(4), E247–E254 (2008)
Nguyen, T.T., Wong, T.Y.: Retinal vascular changes and diabetic retinopathy. Curr. Diab. Rep. 9(4), 277–283 (2009)
Niemeijer, M., Xu, X., Dumitrescu, A., Gupta, P., van Ginneken, B., Folk, J., Abramoff, M.: INSPIRE-AVR: Iowa Normative Set for Processing Images of the REtina-Artery Vein Ratio (2011). http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/component/k2/item/270
Niemeijer, M., Xu, X., Dumitrescu, A.V., Gupta, P., van Ginneken, B., Folk, J.C., Abramoff, M.D.: Automated measurement of the arteriolar-to-venular width ratio in digital color fundus photographs. IEEE Transact. Med. Imaging 30(11), 1941–1950 (2011)
Ruggeri, A., Grisan, E., De Luca, M.: An automatic system for the estimation of generalized arteriolar narrowing in retinal images. In: 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS 2007, pp. 6463–6466. IEEE (2007)
Acknowledgments
This work was financed by the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) within project UID/EEA/50014/2013 and research grant SFRH/BD/73376/2010.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dashtbozorg, B., Mendonça, A.M., Campilho, A. (2015). Assessment of Retinal Vascular Changes Through Arteriolar-to-Venular Ratio Calculation. In: Kamel, M., Campilho, A. (eds) Image Analysis and Recognition. ICIAR 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9164. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20801-5_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20801-5_36
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20800-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20801-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)