Skip to main content

Rough Sets and Three-Way Decisions

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology (RSKT 2015)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 9436))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The notion of three-way decisions was originally introduced by the needs to explain the three regions of probabilistic rough sets. Recent studies show that rough set theory is only one of possible ways to construct three regions. A more general theory of three-way decisions has been proposed, embracing ideas from rough sets, interval sets, shadowed sets, three-way approximations of fuzzy sets, orthopairs, square of oppositions, and others. This paper presents a trisecting-and-acting framework of three-way decisions. With respect to trisecting, we divide a universal set into three regions. With respect to acting, we design most effective strategies for processing the three regions. The identification and explicit investigation of different strategies for different regions are a distinguishing feature of three-way decisions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    TWD was first used as an abbreviation for three-way decisions. Hu [10] suggested 3WD, which seems to be a better abbreviation as we can abbreviate two-way decisions as 2WD.

References

  1. Chellas, B.F.: Modal Logic: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1980)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Ciucci, D.: Orthopairs: a simple and widely used way to model uncertainty. Fundamenta Informaticae 108, 287–304 (2011)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Ciucci, D.: Orthopairs in the 1960s: historical remarks and new ideas. In: Cornelis, C., Kryszkiewicz, M., Ślȩzak, D., Ruiz, E.M., Bello, R., Shang, L. (eds.) RSCTC 2014. LNCS, vol. 8536, pp. 1–12. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ciucci, D., Dubois, D., Lawry, J.: Borderline vs. unknown: comparing three-valued representations of imperfect information. Int. J. Approximate Reasoning 55, 1866–1889 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Ciucci, D., Dubois, D., Prade, H.: Oppositions in rough set theory. In: Li, T., Nguyen, H.S., Wang, G., Grzymala-Busse, J., Janicki, R., Hassanien, A.E., Yu, H. (eds.) RSKT 2012. LNCS, vol. 7414, pp. 504–513. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Deng, X.F.: Three-way classification models. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Computer Science, University of Regina (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Deng, X.F., Yao, Y.Y.: Decision-theoretic three-way approximations of fuzzy sets. Inf. Sci. 279, 702–715 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Dubois, D., Prade, H.: From Blanché hexagonal organization of concepts to formal concept analysis and possibility theory. Log. Univers. 6, 149–169 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Grzymala-Busse, J.W., Yao, Y.Y.: Probabilistic rule induction with the LERS data mining system. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 26, 518–539 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hu, B.Q.: Three-way decisions space and three-way decisions. Inf. Sci. 281, 21–52 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Jia, X.Y., Shang, L., Zhou, X.Z., Liang, J.Y., Miao, D.Q., Wang, G.Y., Li, T.R., Zhang, Y.P. (eds.): Theory of Three-way Decisions and Applications. Nanjing University Press, Nanjing (2012). (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Li, H.X., Zhang, L.B., Huang, B., Zhou, X.Z.: Sequential three-way decision and granulation for cost-sensitive face recognition. Knowl. Based Syst. (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.07.040

  13. Li, H.X., Zhou, X.Z.: Risk decision making based on decision-theoretic rough set: a three-way view decision model. Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst. 4, 1–11 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Li, Y., Zhang, Z.H., Chen, W.B., Min, F.: TDUP: an approach to incremental mining of frequent itemsets with three-way-decision pattern updating. Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern. (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13042-015-0337-6

  15. Liang, D.C., Liu, D.: Deriving three-way decisions from intuitionistic fuzzy decision-theoretic rough sets. Inf. Sci. 300, 28–48 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu, D., Li, T.R., Liang, D.C.: Three-way government decision analysis with decision-theoretic rough sets. Int. J. Uncertainty Fuzziness Knowl. Based Syst. 20, 119–132 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu, D., Li, T.R., Miao, D.Q., Wang, G.Y., Liang, J.Y. (eds.): Three-way Decisions and Granular Computing. Science Press, Beijing (2013). (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Liu, D., Liang, D.C., Wang, C.C.: A novel three-way decision model based on incomplete information system. Knowl. Based Syst. (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.07.036

  19. Luo, C., Li, T., Chen, H.: Dynamic maintenance of three-way decision rules. In: Miao, D., Pedrycz, W., Slezak, D., Peters, G., Hu, Q., Wang, R. (eds.) RSKT 2014. LNCS, vol. 8818, pp. 801–811. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Orłowska, W., Pawlak, Z.: Representation of nondeterministic information. Theor. Comput. Sci. 29, 27–39 (1984)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Pawlak, Z.: Rough sets. Int. J. Comput. Inf. Sci. 11, 341–356 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Pawlak, Z.: Rough classification. Int. J. Man Mach. Stud. 20, 469–483 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Pawlak, Z.: Rough Sets. Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Data. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1991)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Pedrycz, W.: Shadowed sets: representing and processing fuzzy sets. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 28, 103–109 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Peters, J.F., Ramanna, S.: Proximal three-way decisions: theory and applications in social networks. Knowl.-Based Syst. (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.07.021

  26. Sang, Y.L., Liang, J.Y., Qian, Y.H.: Decision-theoretic rough sets under dynamic granulation. Knowl. Based Syst. (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.08.001

  27. Shakiba, A., Hooshmandasl, M.R.: S-approximation spaces: a three-way decision approach. Fundamenta Informaticae 39, 307–328 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Sun, B.Z., Ma, W.M., Zhao, H.Y.: An approach to emergency decision making based on decision-theoretic rough set over two universes. Soft Comput. (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-015-1721-6

  29. Xie, Y., Johnsten, T., Raghavan, V.V., Benton, R.G., Bush, W.: A comprehensive granular model for decision making with complex data. In: Pedrycz, W., Chen, S.-M. (eds.) Granular Computing and Decision-Making. SBD, vol. 10, pp. 33–46. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Yao, J.T., Azam, N.: Web-based medical decision support systems for three-way medical decision making with game-theoretic rough sets. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 23, 3–15 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Yao, J.T., Zhang, Y.: A scientometrics study of rough sets in three decades. In: Lingras, P., Wolski, M., Cornelis, C., Mitra, S., Wasilewski, P. (eds.) RSKT 2013. LNCS, vol. 8171, pp. 28–40. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Yao, Y.Y.: Interval-set algebra for qualitative knowledge representation. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computing and Information, pp. 370–374 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Yao, Y.: Three-way decision: an interpretation of rules in rough set theory. In: Wen, P., Li, Y., Polkowski, L., Yao, Y., Tsumoto, S., Wang, G. (eds.) RSKT 2009. LNCS, vol. 5589, pp. 642–649. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Yao, Y.Y.: Three-way decisions with probabilistic rough sets. Inf. Sci. 180, 341–353 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  35. Yao, Y.: An outline of a theory of three-way decisions. In: Yao, J.T., Yang, Y., Słowiński, R., Greco, S., Li, H., Mitra, S., Polkowski, L. (eds.) RSCTC 2012. LNCS, vol. 7413, pp. 1–17. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Yao, Y.Y.: Duality in rough set theory based on the square of opposition. Fundamenta Informaticae 127, 49–64 (2013)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Yao, Y.: Granular computing and sequential three-way decisions. In: Lingras, P., Wolski, M., Cornelis, C., Mitra, S., Wasilewski, P. (eds.) RSKT 2013. LNCS, vol. 8171, pp. 16–27. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  38. Yao, Y.Y.: The two sides of the theory of rough sets. Knowl. Based Syst. 80, 67–77 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Yao, Y.Y.: Probabilistic rough set approximations. Int. J. Approximation Reasoning 49, 255–271 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Yao, Y.Y., Deng, X.F.: Quantitative rough sets based on subsethood measures. Inf. Sci. 267, 306–322 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  41. Yao, Y.Y., Lin, T.Y.: Generalization of rough sets using modal logic. Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. Int. J. 2, 103–120 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Yao, Y.Y., Wong, S.K.M., Lingras, P.: A decision-theoretic rough set model. In: Ras, Z.W., Zemankova, M., Emrich, M.L. (eds.) Methodologies for Intelligent Systems 5, pp. 17–24. North-Holland Publishing, New York (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Yao, Y.Y., Yu, H.: An introduction to three-way decisions. In: Yu, H., Wang, G.Y., Li, T.R., Liang, J.Y., Miao, D.Q., Yao, Y.Y. (eds.) Three-Way Decisions: Methods and Practices for Complex Problem Solving, pp. 1–19. Science Press, Beijing (2015). (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Yu, H., Wang, G.Y., Li, T.R., Liang, J.Y., Miao, D.Q., Yao, Y.Y. (eds.): Three-Way Decisions: Methods and Practices for Complex Problem Solving. Science Press, Beijing (2015). (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Yu, H., Zhang, C., Wang, G.Y.: A tree-based incremental overlapping clustering method using the three-way decision theory. Knowl. Based Syst. (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.05.028

  46. Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets. Inf. Control 8, 338–353 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Zhang, G.Q., Lu, J., Gao, Y.: Multi-Level Decision Making. Models, Methods and Application. Springer, Berlin (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Zhang, H.R., Min, F.: Three-way recommender systems based on random forests. Knowl. Based Syst. (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.06.019

  49. Zhang, H.Y., Yang, S.Y., Ma, J.M.: Ranking interval sets based on inclusion measures and applications to three-way decisions. Knowl. Based Syst. (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.07.025

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by a Discovery Grant from NSERC, Canada. The author is grateful to Drs. Davide Ciucci, Jie Lu, Hong Yu and Guangquan Zhang for constructive discussions on new formulations of three-way decisions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yiyu Yao .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Yao, Y. (2015). Rough Sets and Three-Way Decisions. In: Ciucci, D., Wang, G., Mitra, S., Wu, WZ. (eds) Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology. RSKT 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9436. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25754-9_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25754-9_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25753-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-25754-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics