Abstract
Wind energy is one of the main contributors to renewable generation. In order to embed wind farms in Smart Grid concepts, wind turbine controllers have the objective to follow an accumulated total power generation reference while at the same time the controllers aim to reduce the damage (wear out), which the individual wind turbine has to sustain. This paper looks at a centralized control architecture for control of wind turbines, in which sensors at the wind turbine periodically provide their values via a local sensor network and an IP-based wide area network, based on which the controller calculates new set-points. Subsequently, the set-points are sent back to the wind turbine via the IP-based network. Testbed measurements of delays and message loss of different network technologies 2G, 3G, PLC and WLAN are captured while mimicking the control scenario of the wind farm. These measurement traces are fed back into a co-simulation framework to then show the impact on control performance of the different technologies. The results show that 2G and narrow-band PLC cannot support the presented control scenario, mainly due to throughput and delay limitations, while 3G and WLAN technologies are able to provide the necessary communication bandwidth and low delays. The measured delay distributions of the latter two technologies can be used to optimize the scheduling of sensor readings and the benefit from such optimizations is qualitatively discussed.
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Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Jos\(\acute{\text {e}}\) de Jes\(\acute{\text {u}}\)s Barradas-Berglind for lending his wind turbine control simulation and allowing us to work with it.
This work was partially supported by the Danish Council for Strategic Research (contract no. 11-116843) within in the ’Programme Sustainable Energy and Environment’, under the “EDGE” (Efficient Distribution of Green Energy) research project, and by the FP7 project SmartC2Net. FTW has been supported by the Austrian Government and the City of Vienna within the competence center program COMET.
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Madsen, J.T., Findrik, M., Drenjanac, D., Schwefel, HP. (2015). Investigating Wind Farm Control Over Different Communication Network Technologies. In: Gottwalt, S., König, L., Schmeck, H. (eds) Energy Informatics. EI 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9424. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25876-8_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25876-8_11
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