Abstract
The combination of Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) and millimetre Waves (mmW) communications has recently been recognized by the industry and research community as a promising solution to cope with the evolving requirements of the fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks. Indeed, the problem of capacity provisioning has drawn the attention to mmW due to the spectrum scarcity at lower frequency bands. Additionally, the densification process has already started with the introduction of the well-known Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets).Thus the use of UDN is another natural approach for increasing the overall network capacity, especially in such indoor environments where high data rates and service demand are expected. In this paper, the combination of the previous paradigms is analysed by means of comprehensive system-level simulations. Unfortunately, the particularities of indoor deployments make radio propagation difficult to predict and limit the macro-cell coverage, hence these simulations have been evaluated using advanced Ray Tracing (RT) techniques. Results confirm the superior system performance of the mmW and UDN tandem with respect to current operating bands.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ericsson, A.B.: More than 50 billion connected devices. In: Ericsson White Paper, February 2011. www.ericsson.com
Ericsson A,B.: Networked society essentials (2014). www.ericsson.com/thinkingahead/
Cisco Systems Inc.: Cisco visual networking index: global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2014–2019. In: Cisco White Paper, February 2015. www.cisco.com
GSMA Intelligence: The mobile economy 2015. In: GSMA Reports (2015). www.gsmaintelligence.com
Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy.: Ten key rules of 5G deployment. In: Nokia White Paper (2015). http://networks.nokia.com/innovation/5g
The METIS 2020 Project: Mobile and wireless communications enablers for the twenty-twenty information society. In: Deliverable D6.5, Report on Simulation Results and Evaluations, March 2015. www.metis2020.com
Chen, S., Zhao, J.: The requirements, challenges, and technologies for 5g of terrestrial mobile telecommunication. IEEE Commun. Mag. 52(5), 36–43 (2014)
Nikolikj, V., Janevski, T.: Profitability and comparative cost-capacity analysis of 5G millimeter-wave systems. In: 22nd IEEE Telecommunications Forum (2014)
Radiocommunication Sector of ITU: Future spectrum requirements estimate for terrestial IMT. In: International Telecommunication Union (ITU), M.2290-0 (2014)
Andrews, J., Buzzi, S., Choi, W., Hanly, S., Lozano, A., Soong, A., Zhang, J.: What will 5G be? IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 32(6), 1065–1082 (2014)
Osseiran, A., et al.: Scenarios for 5G mobile and wireless communications: the vision of the METIS project. IEEE Commun. Mag. 52(5), 26–35 (2014)
Boccardi, F., Heath Jr., R.W., Lozano, A., Marzetta, T.L., Popovski, P.: Five disruptive technology directions for 5G. IEEE Commun. Mag. 52(2), 74–80 (2014)
Wei, L., Hu, R.Q., Qian, Y., Wu, G.: Key elements to enable millimeter wave communications for 5G wireless systems. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 21(6), 136–143 (2014)
Larsson, C., Harrysson, F., Olsson, B.-E., Berg, J.-E.: An outdoor-to-Indoor Propagation Scenario at 28 GHz. In: 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014), April 2014
Anderson, C., Rappaport, T., Bae, K., Verstak, A., Ramakrishnan, N., Tranter, W., Shaffer, C., Watson, L.: In-building wideband multipath characteristics at 2.5 and 60 GHz. In: 56th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2002 (VTC 2002F) (2002)
Baykas, T., Materum, L., Kato, S.: Performance evaluation of mmwave single carrier systems with a novel NLOS channel model. In: 24th IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), September 2013
Larew, S., Thomas, T., Cudak, M., Ghosh, A.: Air interface design and ray tracing study for 5G millimeter wave communications. In: 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference Workshops, December 2013
Bai, T., Heath, R.: Coverage analysis for millimeter wave cellular networks with blockage effects. In: 2013 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), December 2013
Kulkarni, M.-N., Thomas, T.-A., Vook, F.-W., Ghosh, A., Visotsky, E.: Coverage and rate trends in moderate and high bandwidth 5G networks. In: 2014 IEEE Globecom Workshop, Mobile Communications in Higher Frequency Bands (2014)
Bai, T., Heath, R.: Coverage analysis for millimeter-wave cellular networks. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 14(2), 1100–1114 (2015)
Bai, T., Desai, V., Heath, R.: Millimiter wave cellular channel models for system evaluation. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (2014)
Galinina, O., Pyattaev, A., Andreev, S., Dohler, M., Koucheryavy, Y.: 5G multi-RAT LTE-WiFi ultra-dense small cells: performance dynamics, architecture, and trends. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. (2015)
Zhou, C., Bulakci, O.: Stability-aware and energy efficient cell management in ultra dense networks. In: 2014 IEEE 80th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), September 2014
Koudouridis, G.-P.: On the capacity and energy efficiency of network scheduling in future ultra-dense networks. In: 2014 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), June 2014
Baldemair, R., Irnich, T., Balachandran, K., Dahlman, E., Mildh, G., Selén, Y., Parkvall, S., Meyer, M., Osseiran, A.: Ultra-dense networks in millimeter-wave frequencies. IEEE Commun. Mag. 53, 202–208 (2015)
Lamas, S.R., González G.D., Hämäläinen, J.: Indoor planning optimization of ultra-dense cellular networks at high carrier frequencies. In: 2015 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) Workshops, March 2015
Chuang, M., Chen, M., Sun, Y.S.: Resource management issues in 5G ultra dense smallcell networks. In: 2015 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN), January 2015
Jiming, C., Peng, W., Jie, Z.: Adaptive soft frequency reuse schemefor in-building dense femtocell networks. Chin. Commun. 10(1), 44–55 (2013)
Akdeniz, M., Liu, Y., Samimi, M., Sun, S., Rangan, S., Rappaport, T., Erkip, E.: Millimeter wave channel modeling and cellular capacity evaluation. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 32(6), 1164–1179 (2014)
Nassar, A.-T. et al.: Achievable RF coverage and system capacity using millimeter wave cellular technologies in 5G networks. In: 2014 IEEE 27th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), pp. 1–6, May 2014
Gomez, K., Goratti, L., Granelli, F., Rasheed, T.: A comparative study of scheduling disciplines in 5g systems for emergency communications. In: 2014 1st International Conference on 5G for Ubiquitous Connectivity (5GU), pp. 40–45 (2014)
González, G.D., Yanikomeroglu, H., Garcia-Lozano, M., Boque, S.R.: A novel multiobjective framework for cell switch-off in dense cellular networks. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 2641–2647, June 2014
Rangan, S., et al.: Millimeter-wave cellular wireless networks: potentials and challenges. IEEE Proc. 102(3), 366–385 (2014)
Trueman, C., Paknys, R., Zhao, J., Davis, D., Segal, B.: Ray tracing algorithm for indoor propagation. In: 16th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics (2000)
Remley, K., Anderson, H., Weisshar, A.: Improving the accuracy of ray-tracing techniques for indoor propagation modeling. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 49(6), 2350–2358 (2000)
Group Radio Access Network: Small cell enhancements for E-UTRA and E-UTRAN. In: 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical report (TR) 36.872 v12.1.0, Release 12, December 2013
Ikuno, J.-C., Wrulich, M., Rupp, M.: System level simulation of LTE networks. In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, May 2010
Group Radio Access Network: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Frequency (RF) system scenarios. In: 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical report (TR) 36.942 v12.0.0, Release 12, September 2014
Group Radio Access Network: Further Advancements for E-UTRA, Physical Layer Aspects. In: 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical report (TR) 36.814, Release 9, March 2010
Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by Academy of Finland under grant 284811 and by EIT (European Institute for Innovation and Technology) and ICT Labs through the EXAM project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lamas, S.R., González G., D., Hämäläinen, J. (2015). On the Performance of Indoor Ultra-Dense Networks for Millimetre-Wave Cellular Systems. In: Agüero, R., Zinner, T., García-Lozano, M., Wenning, BL., Timm-Giel, A. (eds) Mobile Networks and Management. MONAMI 2015. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 158. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26925-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26925-2_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-26924-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-26925-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)