Innovating R Tree and Multicast Routing to Make QOS Multiple Paths for Service Based Routing

Abstract

In the advanced routing of new networks communication and network technologies, it not only operates on some lower levels of a network protocol. But it also operates on some upper layers such as the application layer the highest-level layer in network protocol stack of OSI model. The routing process can be known by a more abstract concept. It can process on many layers on network’s stack of OSI model. So this kind of routing may be called the upper layer routing protocol. As the content based routing, in the service based routing protocol, the information can be classified by categories or service classes. Subscribers and publishers can communicate with each other but they don’t know other’s address. So it is more dynamical in processing and more comfortable for ad-hoc network. However the upper routing must be based on lower layers to make routing decisions. But normal routing protocols are used for most static network or rather small wireless networks or not high mobility networks. In mobile ad-hoc networks, nodes move very often and fast, so bandwidth of connection between them may be reduced. Therefore the transmission delay may be increased. The paper aims at purpose to increate QOS of routing by hierarchical clustering routing by using R⁺ tree in addition with some advanced techniques multicast routing, multiple paths, use GEN/ BEE/ ANT to optimize routes to transmit data. In R⁺ tree model, the network’s nodes are managed by Bottom-Up model from leaf nodes to root of the tree. All the leaf nodes, inner nodes and root of this tree are used for two roles: (i) Manage a cluster that consists all nodes that have direct connections with this node; (ii) Operate as a normal node. The paper mentions: (i) Setup hierarchical clustering network by using R tree structure. (ii) Making multicast tree from some cluster heads for fast routing. (iii) Making optimized route by Ant Colony Optimization.