Abstract
NFC and RFID are technologies that are more and more present in our life. These technologies allow a tag to communicate without contact with a reader. In wireless communication an intruder can always listen and forward a signal, so he can mount a so-called worm hole attack. In the last decades, several Distance Bounding (DB) protocols have been introduced to avoid such attacks. In this context, there exist several threat models: Terrorist Fraud, Mafia Fraud, Distance Fraud etc. We first show the links between the existing threat models. Then we list more than forty DB protocols and give the bounds of the best known attacks for different threat models. In some cases, we explain how we are able to improve existing attacks. Then, we present some advices to the designers of the DB protocols and to the intruders to mount some attacks.
P. Lafourcade—This research was conducted with the support of the “Digital trust” Chair from the University of Auvergne Foundation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
ppt. ITM is for polynomial probabilistic time Interactive Turing Machine.
- 2.
Definition 3 defines MiM attack as using a honest P(x). Here, the definition use \(P^*(x)\).
- 3.
Most of the papers are avaible at http://www.avoine.net/rfid/.
References
Abyaneh, M.R.S.: Security analysis of two distance-bounding protocols (2011). CoRR abs/1107.3047
Aumasson, J.-P., Mitrokotsa, A., Peris-Lopez, P.: A note on a privacy-preserving distance-bounding protocol. In: Qing, S., Susilo, W., Wang, G., Liu, D. (eds.) ICICS 2011. LNCS, vol. 7043, pp. 78–92. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Avoine, G., Bingöl, M.A., Kardas, S., Lauradoux, C., Martin, B.: A formal framework for cryptanalyzing RFID distance bounding protocols. IACR Crypt. ePrint Arch. 2009, 543 (2009)
Avoine, G., Lauradoux, C., Martin, B.: How secret-sharing can defeat terrorist fraud. In: Wisec 2011, pp. 145–156. ACM (2011)
Avoine, G., Tchamkerten, A.: An efficient distance bounding RFID authentication protocol: balancing false-acceptance rate and memory requirement. In: Samarati, P., Yung, M., Martinelli, F., Ardagna, C.A. (eds.) ISC 2009. LNCS, vol. 5735, pp. 250–261. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Bay, A., Boureanu, I., Mitrokotsa, A., Spulber, I., Vaudenay, S.: The bussard-bagga and other distance bounding protocols under man-in-the-middle attacks. In: Inscrypt (2012)
Benfarah, A., Miscopein, B., Gorce, J., Lauradoux, C., Roux, B.: Distance bounding protocols on TH-UWB radios. In: GLOBECOM, pp. 1–6 (2010)
Boureanu, I., Mitrokotsa, A., Vaudenay, S.: On the pseudorandom function assumption in (secure) distance-bounding protocols. In: Hevia, A., Neven, G. (eds.) LatinCrypt 2012. LNCS, vol. 7533, pp. 100–120. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Boureanu, I., Mitrokotsa, A., Vaudenay, S.: Practical and provably secure distance-bounding. IACR Crypt. ePrint Arch. 2013, 465 (2013)
Boureanu, I., Mitrokotsa, A., Vaudenay, S.: Secure and lightweight distance-bounding. In: Avoine, G., Kara, O. (eds.) LightSec 2013. LNCS, vol. 8162, pp. 97–113. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Boureanu, I., Mitrokotsa, A., Vaudenay, S.: Towards secure distance bounding. In: Moriai, S. (ed.) FSE 2013. LNCS, vol. 8424, pp. 55–68. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Boureanu, I., Vaudenay, S.: Optimal proximity proofs. In: Lin, D., Yung, M., Zhou, J. (eds.) Inscrypt 2014. LNCS, vol. 8957, pp. 170–190. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)
Boureanu, I., Vaudenay, S.: Challenges in distance bounding. IEEE Secur. Priv. 13(1), 41–48 (2015)
Brands, S., Chaum, D.: Distance bounding protocols. In: Helleseth, T. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1993. LNCS, vol. 765, pp. 344–359. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)
Bussard, L., Bagga, W.: Distance-bounding proof of knowledge to avoid real-time attacks. In: IFIP SEC 2005 (2005)
Capkun, S., Buttyn, L., Hubaux, J.-P.: Sector: secure tracking of node encounters in multi-hop wireless networks. In: ACM Workshop on Security of Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (SASN), pp. 21–32 (2003)
Cremers, C., Rasmussen, K.B., Schmidt, B., Capkun, S.: Distance hijacking attacks on distance bounding protocols. In: IEEE S & P (2012)
Desmedt, Y.: Major security problems with the “unforgeable” (feige-)fiat-shamir proofs of identity and how to overcome them. In: Securicom 1988, pp. 147–159 (1988)
Dürholz, U., Fischlin, M., Kasper, M., Onete, C.: A formal approach to distance-bounding RFID protocols. In: Lai, X., Zhou, J., Li, H. (eds.) ISC 2011. LNCS, vol. 7001, pp. 47–62. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Entezari, R., Bahramgiri, H., Tajamolian, M.: A mafia and distance fraud high-resistance RFID distance bounding protocol. In: ISCISC, pp. 67–72 (2014)
Falahati, A., Jannati, H.: All-or-nothing approach to protect a distance bounding protocol against terrorist fraud attack for low-cost devices. Electron. Commer. Res. 15(1), 75–95 (2015)
Fatemeh Baghernejad, M.S., Bagheri, N.: Security analysis of the distance bounding protocol proposed by Jannati, Falahati. Electr. Comput. Eng. 2(2), 85–92 (2014)
Finkenzeller, K.: RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York (2003)
Fischlin, M., Onete, C.: Provably secure distance-bounding: an analysis of prominent protocols. IACR Crypt. ePrint Arch. 2012, 128 (2012)
Fischlin, M., Onete, C.: Terrorism in distance bounding: modeling terrorist-fraud resistance. In: Jacobson, M., Locasto, M., Mohassel, P., Safavi-Naini, R. (eds.) ACNS 2013. LNCS, vol. 7954, pp. 414–431. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Gambs, S., Killijian, M.-O., Lauradoux, C., Onete, C., Roy, M., Traoré, M.: VSSDB: A verifiable secret-sharing and distance-bounding protocol. In: BalkanCryptSec 2014 (2014)
Gambs, S., Onete, C., Robert, J.: Prover anonymous and deniable distance-bounding authentication. IACR Crypt. ePrint Arch. 2014, 114 (2014)
Özhan Gürel, A., Arslan, A., Akgün, M.: Non-uniform stepping approach to RFID distance bounding problem. In: Garcia-Alfaro, J., Navarro-Arribas, G., Cavalli, A., Leneutre, J. (eds.) DPM 2010 and SETOP 2010. LNCS, vol. 6514, pp. 64–78. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Hancke, G.P., Kuhn, M.G.: An RFID distance bounding protocol. In: SECURECOMM 2005, pp. 67–73. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2005)
Hermans, J., Peeters, R., Onete, C.: Efficient, secure, private distance bounding without key updates. In: WISEC 2013, pp. 207–218 (2013)
Hoda Jannati, A.F.: Mutual implementation of predefined and random challenges over RFID distance bounding protocol. In: ISCISC, pp. 43–47 (2012)
ju Tu, Y., Piramuthu, S.: RFID distance bounding protocols. In: First International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology (2007)
Kapoor, G., Zhou, W., Piramuthu, S.: Distance bounding protocol for multiple RFID tag authentication. In: IEEE/IPIP EUC 2008, pp. 115–120 (2008)
Kardaş, S., Kiraz, M.S., Bingöl, M.A., Demirci, H.: A novel RFID distance bounding protocol based on physically unclonable functions. In: Juels, A., Paar, C. (eds.) RFIDSec 2011. LNCS, vol. 7055, pp. 78–93. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Kim, C.H.: Security analysis of YKHL distance bounding protocol with adjustable false acceptance rate. IEEE Commun. Lett. 15(10), 1078–1080 (2011)
Kim, C.H., Avoine, G.: RFID distance bounding protocol with mixed challenges to prevent relay attacks. In: Garay, J.A., Miyaji, A., Otsuka, A. (eds.) CANS 2009. LNCS, vol. 5888, pp. 119–133. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Kim, C.H., Avoine, G., Koeune, F., Standaert, F.-X., Pereira, O.: The swiss-knife RFID distance bounding protocol. In: Lee, P.J., Cheon, J.H. (eds.) ICISC 2008. LNCS, vol. 5461, pp. 98–115. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Lee, S., Kim, J.S., Hong, S.J., Kim, J.: Distance bounding with delayed responses. IEEE Commun. Lett. 16(9), 1478–1481 (2012)
Meadows, C., Poovendran, R., Pavlovic, D., Chang, L., Syverson, P.F.: Distance bounding protocols: authentication logic analysis and collusion attacks. In: Secure Localization and Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensor and Ad Hoc Networks, pp. 279–298 (2007)
Meghdadi, M., Ozdemir, S., Gler, I.: A survey of wormhole-based attacks and their countermeasures in wireless sensor networks. IETE Tech. Rev. 28(2), 89–102 (2011)
Mitrokotsa, A., Onete, C., Vaudenay, S.: Mafia fraud attack against the RČ distance-bounding protocol. RFID-TA 2012, 74–79 (2012)
Munilla, J., Peinado, A.: Distance bounding protocols for RFID enhanced by using void-challenges and analysis in noisy channels. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 8(9), 1227–1232 (2008)
Munilla, J., Peinado, A.: Security analysis of tu and piramuthu’s protocol. NTMS 2008, 1–5 (2008)
Nikov, V., Vauclair, M.: Yet another secure distance-bounding protocol. SECRYPT 2008, 218–221 (2008)
Peris-Lopez, P., Castro, J.C.H., Estévez-Tapiador, J.M., van der Lubbe, J.C.A.: Shedding some light on RFID distance bounding protocols and terrorist attacks (2009). CoRR abs/0906.4618
Rasmussen, K.B., Capkun, S.: Location privacy of distance bounding protocols. CCS 2008, 149–160 (2008)
Reid, J., Nieto, J.M.G., Tang, T., Senadji, B.: Detecting relay attacks with timing-based protocols. In: ASIACCS 2007, pp. 204–213. ACM (2007)
Singelée, D., Preneel, B.: Distance bounding in noisy environments. In: Stajano, F., Meadows, C., Capkun, S., Moore, T. (eds.) ESAS 2007. LNCS, vol. 4572, pp. 101–115. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Tippenhauer, N.O., Čapkun, S.: ID-based secure distance bounding and localization. In: Backes, M., Ning, P. (eds.) ESORICS 2009. LNCS, vol. 5789, pp. 621–636. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Trujillo-Rasua, R., Martin, B., Avoine, G.: The poulidor distance-bounding protocol. In: Ors Yalcin, S.B. (ed.) RFIDSec 2010. LNCS, vol. 6370, pp. 239–257. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Trujillo-Rasua, R., Martin, B., Avoine, G.: Distance-bounding facing both mafia, distance frauds: technical report (2014). CoRR abs/1405.5704
Vaudenay, S.: On modeling terrorist frauds. In: Susilo, W., Reyhanitabar, R. (eds.) ProvSec 2013. LNCS, vol. 8209, pp. 1–20. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Vaudenay, S.: Proof of proximity of knowledge. IACR ePrint Arch. 2014, 695 (2014)
Vaudenay, S.: Private and secure public-key distance bounding. In: Böhme, R., Okamoto, T. (eds.) FC 2015. LNCS, vol. 8975, pp. 207–216. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)
Yang, A., Zhuang, Y., Wong, D.S.: An efficient single-slow-phase mutually authenticated RFID distance bounding protocol with tag privacy. In: Chim, T.W., Yuen, T.H. (eds.) ICICS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7618, pp. 285–292. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Yum, D.H., Kim, J.S., Hong, S.J., Lee, P.J.: Distance bounding protocol with adjustable false acceptance rate. IEEE Commun. Lett. 15(4), 434–436 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Brelurut, A., Gerault, D., Lafourcade, P. (2016). Survey of Distance Bounding Protocols and Threats. In: Garcia-Alfaro, J., Kranakis, E., Bonfante, G. (eds) Foundations and Practice of Security. FPS 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9482. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30303-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30303-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-30302-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-30303-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)