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Social Robotics

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Springer Handbook of Robotics

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Abstract

This chapter surveys some of the principal research trends in Social Robotics and its application to human–robot interaction (GlossaryTerm

HRI

). Social (or Sociable) robots are designed to interact with people in a natural, interpersonal manner – often to achieve positive outcomes in diverse applications such as education, health, quality of life, entertainment, communication, and tasks requiring collaborative teamwork. The long-term goal of creating social robots that are competent and capable partners for people is quite a challenging task. They will need to be able to communicate naturally with people using both verbal and nonverbal signals. They will need to engage us not only on a cognitive level, but on an emotional level as well in order to provide effective social and task-related support to people. They will need a wide range of social-cognitive skills and a theory of other minds to understand human behavior, and to be intuitively understood by people. A deep understanding of human intelligence and behavior across multiple dimensions (i. e., cognitive, affective, physical, social, etc.) is necessary in order to design robots that can successfully play a beneficial role in the daily lives of people. This requires a multidisciplinary approach where the design of social robot technologies and methodologies are informed by robotics, artificial intelligence, psychology, neuroscience, human factors, design, anthropology, and more.

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Abbreviations

3-D:

three-dimensional

AAL:

ambient assisted living

ADL:

activities for daily living

AI:

artificial intelligence

ASR:

automatic spoken-language recognition

CASALA:

Centre for Affective Solutions for Ambient Living Awareness

CMU:

Carnegie Mellon University

DOF:

degree of freedom

HAMMER:

hierarchical attentive multiple models for execution and recognition

HRI:

human–robot interaction

IRB:

Institutional Review Board

JSC:

Johnson Space Center

LCD:

liquid-crystal display

NASA:

National Aeronautics and Space Agency

PAD:

pleasure arousal dominance

QOLT:

quality of life technology

ROMAN:

Robot and Human Interactive Communication

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Personal Robots Group, MIT Media Lab, 20 Ames Street, MA 02139, Cambridge, USA

    Cynthia Breazeal

  2. School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL10 9AB, Hatfield, UK

    Kerstin Dautenhahn

  3. Intelligent Robotics and Communication Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research (ATR) Institute International, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seikacho, Sorakugun, 619-0288, Kyoto, Japan

    Takayuki Kanda

Authors
  1. Cynthia Breazeal
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  2. Kerstin Dautenhahn
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  3. Takayuki Kanda
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cynthia Breazeal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy

    Bruno Siciliano

  2. Department of Computer Sciences, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, CA 94305, Stanford, USA

    Oussama Khatib

Video-References

Video-References

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Home assistance companion robot in the Robot House available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/218

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Visual communicative non-verbal behaviours of the Sunflower Robot available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/219

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Playing triadic games with KASPAR available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/220

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Explaining a typical session with Sunflower as a home companion in the Robot House available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/221

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A robot that forms a good spatial formation available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/257

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A robot that approaches pedestrians available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/258

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A robot that provides a direction based on the model of the environment available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/259

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Human-robot teaming in a search and retrieve task available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/555

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Social referencing behavior available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/556

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Overview of Kismet’s expressive behavior available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/557

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Overview of Autom: A robotic health coach for weight management available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/558

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Non-verbal envelope displays to support turn-taking behavior available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/559

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Learning how to be a learning companion for children available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/560

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Social learning applied to task execution available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/562

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Mental state inference to support human-robot collaboration available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/563

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A learning companion robot to foster pre-K vocabulary learning available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/564

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Influence of response time available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/806

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A scene of deictic interaction available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/807

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An example of a social robot in a museum available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/808

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An example of repeated long-term interaction available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/809

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A robot that exhibits its listening attitude with its motion available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/810

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Region pointing gesture available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/72/videodetails/811

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Breazeal, C., Dautenhahn, K., Kanda, T. (2016). Social Robotics. In: Siciliano, B., Khatib, O. (eds) Springer Handbook of Robotics. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32552-1_72

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