Abstract
In this paper we address automatic vehicle identification based on audio information. Such data are complicated, as they depend on vehicle type, tires, speed and its change. In our previous research we designed a feature set for selected vehicle classes, discriminating pairs of classes. Now, we decided to expand the feature vector and find the best feature set (mainly based on spectral descriptors), possibly representative for each investigated vehicle category, which can be applied to a bigger data set, with more classes. The paper also shows problems related to vehicles classification, which is detailed in official documents by national authority for issues related to the national road system, but simplified for automatic identification purposes. Experiments on audio-based vehicle type identification are presented and conclusions are shown.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alexandre, E., Cuadra, L., Salcedo-Sanz, S., Pastor-Sánchez, A., Casanova-Mateo, C.: Hybridizing extreme learning machines and genetic algorithms to select acoustic features in vehicle classification applications. Neurocomputing 152, 58–68 (2015)
Berdnikova, J., Ruuben, T., Kozevnikov, V., Astapov, S.: Acoustic noise pattern detection and identification method in doppler system. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 18(8), 65–68 (2012)
Breiman, L.: Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45, 5–32 (2001). http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~breiman/RandomForests/cc_papers.htm
Chen, C., Liaw, A., Breiman, L.: Using Random Forest to Learn Imbalanced Data. http://statistics.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/tech-reports/666.pdf
Directive 2010/40/Eu of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2010 on the framework for the deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in the field of road transport and for interfaceswith other modes of transport. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:207:0001:0013:EN:PDF
Duarte, M.F., Hu, Y.H.: Vehicle classification in distributed sensor networks. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 64, 826–838 (2004)
Erb, S.: Classification of Vehicles Based on Acoustic Features. Thesis, Graz University of Technology (2007)
General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (GDDKiA, in Polish). https://www.gddkia.gov.pl/userfiles/articles/z/zarzadzenia-generalnego-dyrektor_13901/zarzadzenie%2038%20Wytyczne%20-%20Zalacznik%20d%20-%20Instrukcja%20%20GPR_2015.pdf
George, J., Cyril, A., Koshy, B.I., Mary, L.: Exploring sound signature for vehicle detection and classification using ANN. Int. J. Soft Comput. 4(2), 29–36 (2013)
Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., Friedman, J.: The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction. Springer Series in Statistics. Springer, New York (2009)
ITS 2015–2019 Strategic Plan. http://www.its.dot.gov/strategicplan.pdf
Iwao, K., Yamazaki, I.: A study on the mechanism of tire/road noise. JSAE Rev. 17, 139–144 (1996)
Izba Celna w Przemyślu (the Customs Chamber in Przemyśl, in Polish). http://www.przemysl.ic.gov.pl/download/sprowadzauto/zas_klasyfikacji_pojazdow_samo.pdf
Kubera, E., Wieczorkowska, A., Skrzypiec, K.: Audio-based hierarchic vehicle classification for intelligent transportation systems. In: Esposito, F., Pivert, O., Hacid, M.-S., Rás, Z.W., Ferilli, S. (eds.) ISMIS 2015. LNCS, vol. 9384, pp. 343–352. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25252-0_37
Mayvan, A.D., Beheshti, S.A., Masoom, M.H.: Classification of vehicles based on audio signals using quadratic discriminant analysis and high energy feature vectors. Int. J. Soft Comput. 6, 53–64 (2015)
Package ‘h2o’. http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/h2o/h2o.pdf
The Moving Picture Experts Group. http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-7
The R Foundation. http://www.R-project.org
Struyf, A., Hubert, M., Rousseeuw, P.J.: Clustering in an Object-Oriented Environment. http://www.jstatsoft.org/v01/i04/paper
Zhang, X., Marasek, K., Raś, Z.W.: Maximum likelihood study for sound pattern separation and recognition. In: 2007 International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering MUE 2007, pp. 807–812. IEEE (2007)
Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by the Research Center of PJAIT, supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wieczorkowska, A., Kubera, E., Słowik, T., Skrzypiec, K. (2016). Spectral Features for Audio Based Vehicle Identification. In: Ceci, M., Loglisci, C., Manco, G., Masciari, E., Ras, Z. (eds) New Frontiers in Mining Complex Patterns. NFMCP 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9607. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39315-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39315-5_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39314-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39315-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)