Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of Radiofrequency Field (2.4 GHz) Effects to Multilayer Structure of Human Skin and Pacemaker

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Information Technologies in Medicine (ITiB 2016)

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 472))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The proposed paper deals with simulation and analysis of the radiofrequency field (2.4 GHz) inside the human tissue using a multi-layered skin and pacemaker model. The research was carried out using electromagnetic modelling based on the Finite Integration method. The simulations were performed in terms of computing electric field distributions calculated for four different hypodermis layer thickness. The focus was on near-field exposure modelled by dipole antenna. The results have shown that higher hypodermis layer causes higher absorption of electromagnetic field which leads to lower values of electric field strength on the pacemaker casing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Anderson, V., McIntosh, R.: Guidelines for the RF Exposure Assessment of Metallic Implants. MCL (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation: Active implantable medical devices—Electromagnetic compatibility—EMC test protocols for implantable cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Technical Report ANSI/AAMI PC69:2007 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Calcagnini, G., Censi, F., Bartolini, P.: Electromagnetic immunity of medical devices: the European regulatory framework. Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita 43(3) (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Campi, T., Cruciani, S., Santis, V.D., Feliziani, M.: EMF safety and thermal aspects in a pacemaker equipped with a wireless power transfer system working at low frequency. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techniq. (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  5. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization: Procedure for the assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic fields of workers bearing active implantable medical devices: Specific assessment for workers with cardiac pacemakers. Technical Report BS EN 50527-2-1:2011 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. CST Microwave Studio: Workflow and Solver Overview (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Gabriel, S., Lau, R.W., Gabriel, C.: The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Phys. Med. Biol. 41(11) (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Golio, M.: The RF and Microwave Handbook, 2nd edn, vl. 3 Set. Electrical Engineering Handbook. CRC Press (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hasgall, P., Gennaro, F.D., Baumgartner, C., Neufeld, E., Gosselin, M., Payne, D., Klingenbőck, A., Kuster, N.: IT’IS Database for thermal and electromagnetic parameters of biological tissues, V3.0. IT’IS Foundation (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Holcombe, S., Wang, S.: Subcutaneous fat distribution in the human torso (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  11. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection: Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys. 74(4) (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Li, P., Zhang, L., Liu, F., Amely-Velez, J.: Optimized matching of an implantable medical device antenna in different tissue medium using load pull measurements. In: Microwave Measurement Conference, 2015 86th ARFTG (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Pavselj, N., Miklavcic, D.: Numerical models of skin electropermeabilization taking into account conductivity changes and the presence of local transport regions. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36(4) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Psenakova, Z., Hudecova, J.: Influence of electromagnetic fields by electronic implants in medicine. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 95(7) (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Tandogan, I., Temizhan, A., Yetkin, E., Guray, Y., Ileri, M., Duru, E., Sasmaz, A.: The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker function. Int. J. Cardiol. 103(1) (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Vidal, N., López-Villegas, J.M.: Changes in electromagnetic field absorption in the presence of subcutaneous implanted devices: minimizing increases in absorption. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 52(3) (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Varotto, G., Staderini, E.M.: A 2D simple attenuation model for EM waves in human tissues: comparison with a FDTD 3D simulator for UWB medical radar. In: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Walendziuk, W.: Parallel computation of the SAR distribution in a 3D human head model. Proc. SPIE 6937 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work has been supported from project APVV-14-0519 “Smart textiles and clothing for mobile monitoring of human vital functions”.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zilina, Zilina, Slovakia

    Zuzana Psenakova, Maros Smondrk & Mariana Benova

  2. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Grazia Lo Sciuto

Authors
  1. Zuzana Psenakova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maros Smondrk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Grazia Lo Sciuto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mariana Benova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zuzana Psenakova .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fac of Biomed Engg, ul. Roosevelta 40, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

    Ewa Piętka

  2. Fac of Biomed Engg, ul. Roosevelta 40, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

    Pawel Badura

  3. Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

    Jacek Kawa

  4. Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

    Wojciech Wieclawek

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Psenakova, Z., Smondrk, M., Sciuto, G.L., Benova, M. (2016). Evaluation of Radiofrequency Field (2.4 GHz) Effects to Multilayer Structure of Human Skin and Pacemaker. In: Piętka, E., Badura, P., Kawa, J., Wieclawek, W. (eds) Information Technologies in Medicine. ITiB 2016. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 472. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39904-1_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39904-1_22

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39903-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39904-1

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation