Skip to main content

A Comparison of Film and Computer Generated Imagery Medium for the Learning of Chimpanzee Behaviours

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Games and Learning Alliance (GALA 2015)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 9599))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 2197 Accesses

Abstract

Knowledge of social interactions between animals has traditionally been passed on through observation and standard teaching materials such as lectures, books and documentaries. Serious games may be well suited to teaching animal behavior as they allow for easy control of what is being presented as well as interaction, in terms of moving around the environment and effecting behaviour of the virtual animals.

We compare how the visual qualities of computer generated imagery (CGI) and film impact on learning and enjoyment. The reason for this comparison was partly as other work has shown how some human behaviour can be more easily communicated using CGI and to allow the impact of visual qualities to be better understood before studying the interactive CGI environments.

Our findings suggest that when viewpoint is fixed people can identify animal behaviour equally well in both mediums. This validates further experimentation into the advantages of free viewpoint.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Morgan, P., Cleave-Hogg, D., Mcllroy, J., Devitt, J.: Simulation technology a comparison of experiential and visual learning for undergraduate medical students. Anesthesiology 96, 10–16 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Adams, R., Finn, P., Moes, E., Flannery, K., Rizzo, A.: Distractibility in Attention/Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): the virtual reality classroom. Child Neuropsychol. 15, 120–135 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Rizzo, A., Kim, G.J.: A SWOT analysis of the field of virtual reality rehabilitation and therapy. Presence 14, 119–146 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Goossens, B., Setchel, J., Tchidango, E., Dilamaka, E., Vidal, C., Ancrenaz, M., Jamart, A.: Survival, interaction with conspecifics and reproduction in 37 chimpanzees released into the wild. Biol. Conserv. 123, 461–475 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Coe, J., Scott, D., Lukas, K.: Technical report – facility design for bachelor gorilla groups. Zoo Biol. 28, 144–162 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jenvoid, M.: Chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) response to caregivers use of Chimpanzee behaviour. Zoo Biol. 27, 345–359 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. WAZA: Building a Future for Wildlife - The World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ross, S., Gillespie, K.: Research article – influences on visitor behaviour at a modern immersive zoo exhibit. Zoo Biol. 28, 462–472 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Visscher, N., Snider, R., Vander Stoep, G.: Comparative analysis of knowledge gain between interpretive and fact-only presentations at an animal training session: an exploratory study. Zoo Biol. 28, 488–495 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Steuer, J.: Defining virtual reality: dimensions determining telepresence. J. Commun. 42, 73–93 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Primenta, K., Teixeira, K.: Virtual Reality – Through the new looking glass (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Njenga, J., Fourie, L.: The myths about e-learning in higher education. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 41, 199–212 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. de Freitas, S., Rebolledo-Mendez, G., Liarokapis, F., Magoulas, G., Poulovassilis, A.: Learning as immersive experiences: using the four-dimensional framework for designing and evaluating immersive learning experiences in a virtual world. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 41, 69–85 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pan, Z., Cheok, A., Yang, H., Zhu, J., Shi, J.: Virtual reality and mixed reality for virtual learning environments. Comput. Graph. 30, 20–28 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hew, K., Cheung, W.: Use of three-dimensional (3-D) immersive virtual worlds in K-12 and higher education settings: a review of the research. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 41, 33–35 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ieronutti, L., Chittaro, L.: Employing virtual humans for education and training in X3D/VRML worlds. Comput. Educ. 49, 93–109 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Falloon, G.: Using avatars and virtual environments in learning: what do they have to offer? Br. J. Educ. Technol. 41, 108–122 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Dalgarno, B., Lee, M.: What are the learning affordances of 3-D virtual environments? Br. J. Educ. Technol. 41, 10–32 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Crowell, A.: Gorillas in Bits (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hay, K., Crozier, J., Barnett, M., Allison, D., Bashaw, M., Hoos, B., Perkins, L.: Virtual gorilla modelling project: middle school students constructing virtual models for learning. In: Fourth International Conference of Learning Sciences, pp. 212–213 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Tomlinson, B., Blumberg, B.: Social behaviour, emotion and learning in a pack of virtual wolves (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Irenaeus, J.A., Boekhorst, T., Hogeweg, P.: Self-structuring in artificle “chimps” offers new hypothesis for male grouping in chimpanzees. Behaviour 130, 3–4 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Puga-Gonzalez, I., Hildenbrandt, H., Hernelrijk, C.: Emergent patterns of social affiliation in primates. Model. PLos Comput. Biol. 5(14), e1000630 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Karitiko, I., Kavakli, M., Cheng, K.: Learning science in a virtual reality application: the impacts of animated-virtual actors’ visual complexity. Comput. Educ. 55, 881–891 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kaya, E., Peja, T., Rychlowska, M.: How good is an avatar’s smile?: effects of facial expression in video- and avatar-based computer mediated communication. In: CHI 2012 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Roberts, D., Rae, J., Duckworth, T., Moore, C., Aspin, R.: Estimating the gaze of a virtuality human. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 19, 681–690 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Smith, D., McLaughlin, T., Brown, I.: 3-D computer animation vs live-action video: differences in viewers response to instructional vignettes. Contemp. Issues Technol. Teacher Educ. 12, 41–54 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Dwyer, J.R.F.: Effect of varying amount of realistic detail in visual illustrations designed to complement programmed instruction. Percept. Mot. Skills 27, 351–354 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Simon Hutchinson and Sean O’Hara for guidance on Chimpanzee behaviours. Becky Dassan for acting out the Chimpanzee behaviours for motion capture. Hannah Jarvis for guidance with Motion Capture equipment.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simon Campion .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Campion, S., Rees, P., Roberts, D. (2016). A Comparison of Film and Computer Generated Imagery Medium for the Learning of Chimpanzee Behaviours. In: De Gloria, A., Veltkamp, R. (eds) Games and Learning Alliance. GALA 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9599. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40216-1_54

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40216-1_54

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40215-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40216-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics