Keywords

1 Introduction

For China and even global city, the rapid development always brings out the result that advantages and disadvantages coexist. At the same time of enjoying the city modernization, people also have to face many complex settlement problems resulting from the widening gap between the urban and rural areas and the process of urbanization. While the existing architecture and urban planning study lacks of practical and effective solution for many real problems. China is in rapid industrialization and urbanization, while is in the complicated situation that there are huge urban-rural binary opposites, and lacks organic interaction. We urgently need to explore new human settlement patterns and the implementation way of system interaction design for many practical problems in urban and rural construction and human settlement.

2 Three Types of Human Society Settlement Pattern Division

Human populations, first of all follow the universal law of gravity in the physics sense. Gravity is a motive force of the human settlement or birth, which is called the first motive force in this article. It is determined by the force that human settlement must be an integral part of nature, not exclusive in nature. Anthropology gravity or veins close force like human blood, clan and nation in the sense psychological is the drive for the steady development of human settlement, which is called the second force in this article. The power is based on human groups’ dear cardiac power, making condensation of human populations continue. The third power source of human inhabit is the political, economic, social and other social field effect in the sense of culture gravity (here the culture is the human culture, including politics, economy, literature and art, science and technology, etc.), which is objective outside drives that keep the mode of human groups in changing and is called the third force in this article. The third force keeps human settlement mode in continues changing for imbalance of the development in time and space, which can be either negative or positive. Human settlement is the result of the interaction and balance of these three forces.

Through the ages, the human settlement history is watershed with the industrial revolution under the action of the three forces from tree-dwelling, cave, villages, cities, villages and towns, castles to metropolitan circle, etc. It basically can be summed up as the first settlement and the second settlement shape or pattern. The long time from human birth to the industrial revolution may be called the era of the first kind of settlement patterns, which was mainly settlement of primitive hunting and farming methods. The settlement pattern in this long stage plays a leading role in the first and second force. Time from industrial revolution to now could be called the second pattern in the history of human settlement era, mainly characterized by the modern industry and post-industrialization. During this time, the third force mentioned above is the main force while because of the unbalanced development of human culture and immature at this stage, the force is in increasingly negative effect.

In 1687, Newton wrote in his book the Mathematics Principle of Natural Philosophy that “any two objects in the universe are attracted to each other … all celestial bodies must follow the law of universal gravitation”. Gravitation constitutes the basic logical order of the universe celestial bodies and the universe universal, which also directly or indirectly provides relatively stable polymerization existence and inhabitation surviving relationship for everything inside or among each other.

Microscopic particles in universe makes up atoms molecules, molecular component objects (the body), celestial body, which then compose celestial universe galaxies, and finally form a total system in the universe. Universe has the feature of similarity, circles-like and settlements. They are closely related with each other and abide by the same evolution rules, and similar morphological change development rules. Although occasionally there exist randomness and disorder but in general the existence and evolution of the universe adhere to the unified principle. In the infinite loop movement pattern it observe its evolution rules, procedures, rules, and form a group existing system with settlement pattern characteristics. Take the inorganic polymerization existing mode as an example, that rotary motion around the core of the macro cosmic objects such as stars, thus forming a group existing system of settlement characteristics. The natural rules will be reminiscent of a similar social law. Confucius said in The Analects of Confucius Political Discourse that to run a country with morality wins a ruler the respect that the Pole Star gets, circled by numerous other stars. According to records, the ancients had seen the north celestial pole star surrounded by two “Francisco” wall composed of numerous stars, known as “purple msi walls”. “Purple msi walls” is above the north heaven, where emperor of heaven live and the corresponding positions of the earth is the center of the country- purple palace, from which the Forbidden City takes its name. In the 60–70 s of the 20th century, American engineers Hugh Harleston, Jr. conducted field exploration for the ancient city of Chios Huakan aid based on mathematical principles. It was reported by him that, obviously there are certain mathematical relationship among the main building listed on both sides of the Ghost Road. The size of each part and the solar system has certain accurate proportion relationship.

Rotary motion around the core of microscopic particles such as molecular electronic structure forms a group exist system of settlement characteristics. Also, as for survival mode of plants and animals inhabit, whatever cell, microscopic flora, trees, forest or grassland vegetation, and so on, all groups existing system with the characteristics of polymerization or cluster. And like animals inhabit survival mode, ant societies, the bee nest, birds, fish, primate family, their survival mode is complete survival system of settlement characteristics.

As mentioned above, whether the human settled as city or country, they all follow the first force on macro, namely gravity. On microscopic family blood relationship, the aggregation of the clan, raising the folk custom, etc., stems from the blood affinity; throughout the change of settlement modes, such as the change from religious to military city, political, economic and cultural city, etc., it is all because of the power of culture. These three forces promote human populations and their evolution. Because of the strength of the positive or negative power, the human settlements are presented in three kinds of modes: the first kind is eco-friendly and health settlement patterns in original and natural farming stage. The second category of settlement is the heaven-against-people alienated settlement model after the industrial revolution that become prosperous float world even an ailing state.

This paper argues that in the future, human will play up strengths and avoid weaknesses in the former mode and head for the third type of settlement that featured by modern ecology, healthy life, continual growth, which is drove by these three forces, especially the third force to play a positive role. It is the unified urban and rural living organism that will make life better in the third class inhabit mode.

3 The Third-Type Settlement—Unified Urban and Rural Areas in the Future

As the main form of human settlement, city and country are different parts of the macro social, economic and cultural structure; the two is of homologous symbiotic relationship, undivided from each other. Although the first kind of settlement pattern is good, but it is the beauty of the original primary stage after all, not suitable for the current era of human society and the future development needs. Featured by modern industrial city, heaven are against with people in the second type of settlement pattern, which is of high entropy high carbon, and ailing. The pure interest orientation of market economy, the indifference and lack of cultural values and the alienation of human spirit and aesthetic is the cause.

Based on the analysis above, this article put forward the third settlement pattern, namely the unified urban and rural living organism that inherit ancient harmony, overcome the ills of modern urban and rural settlement and satisfy the future social development of the third kind of pattern from the perspective of organization ecology, life science, system science, city culture and design art by following the principle of green organic life inhabit, focusing on ecology, life and growth, and taking the best mankind inhabit mode as an organic unity on the basis of ecosystem healthy growth of unified life system.

Unified urban and rural living organism is of the organic characteristics, the type of life can be summarized as three categories of life type from background system to its own native and to future derivation subsystem, which form a complete structure functionalism theory in the sense of complete giant life system. Background system categories: the subject itself of unified organism is an organic system in ecology sense, rather than a simple machine product system, let alone the rigid material of architectural space composition. Native categories: in biological sense, all human and related plants and animals, including the object form of a living system, they friendly live together to form an organic biosphere system, instead of splitting between each other like fire and water. Future derived classes: they are intelligent life based on the information of the intelligent building, on the artificial intelligence system such as cloud computing and Internet of things; they are huge human inhabit intelligent robot system. In time, unified urban and rural areas follow the law of life that develops from birth to recession throughout. In space, it corresponds with the physical systems, tissues, organs and cells. Inner signs system of life structure, external guarantee system, and urban and rural areas, as well as the formation mechanism of unified urban and rural living organism are included, which achieve its function and role through the imitation (bionic) design, system design and interaction design methods. Its basic connotation should include composition of organic ecological system (natural environment, unified organism, people, and systems), the dialectical unity between urban and rural areas (urban and rural areas discard the disadvantages to blend organically), and the concrete embodiment of vital signs (brain, central nervous, life signs and mechanism). The basic mechanism is as follows:

3.1 Inner Signs System of Unified Urban and Rural Living Organism’s Life Structure

“Life” is organic composition created by the accident of natural. All “life” refers to individual life that of stable substance and energy metabolism. And the most complex life form is “people” itself. People is not only with a visible nature, but also has the intangible vital signs “thought”, and at the same time it is influenced by the social, cultural, ideology, values and other aspects, which is a magic and energetic individuals. Urban and rural can also be seen as living organisms with stable physical form and energy metabolism. Similar to the human body, it is also made up of different cell body, and different cells form tissues and organs, which is with signs of life and vitality.

As is known to all, the human body inner signs are made up of four large organizations and eight systems. The author believes that the inner structure of unified urban and rural areas is also made up of different organization and system, corresponding with the human body inner signs system.

3.2 External Support System of Unified Urban and Rural Living Organisms

Unified Urban and rural areas running needs external support system to support. The author will analyze external support system of unified urban and rural from three aspects, micro, meso and macro.

  • External micro support system

“people” is the main body in unified urban and rural living organisms, which can also be seen as micro core part of unified urban and rural areas. Because people themselves have subjective initiation so they play a main role in understanding and transforming the objective world. One reason for the increasingly problems in the unified urban and rural dual structure is the failure in coordinating the contradiction between people and heaven. The essence of many economic problems and social problems is for neglecting the guarantee of the survival and development and the support of natural rights. So the construction of unified urban and rural life system should pay attention to the microcosmic support system construction and planning. External micro support system can be briefly summarized by eating, wearing, living, transporting, learning, working, leisure, queuing and recycling.

  • External medium support system

External micro support system takes the guarantee for the survival and development of people as the fundamental starting point, while for the medium support system takes support and guarantees the unified urban and rural life in industrial layout, system arrangement and so on economic construction as the core. From the static perspective, the industry layout refers to the elements of different industries and departments in space distribution and combination; from the dynamic perspective, the industry layout is flow and restructuring of all sorts of industry resources in space. Industrial layout is one of the important factors that affect the industry and the regional competitiveness, which decides the development structure and of industry.

  • External macro support system learns from theory of structural functionalism.

From the perspective of system theory, populated area, residents of passengers in the unified urban and rural areas can be seen as different subsystem in the macroscopic system environment that supported by the nature, society, economy and culture, and carry out philosophical structure adjustment. Oriental philosophy thought promote the harmony concept, thinking geographical and human conditions are the foundation of all things. It is thought by author that, from the macroscopic level, external support system of unified urban and rural areas can be divided into the integration of three parts, timeliness, favorable geographical position, and popular support.

3.3 Mechanism Analysis of Unified Urban and Rural Areas Living Organism

Organizational structure system of unified urban and rural living mechanism:

Space hardware structure collection organization (objects)

  • The structure of the space facilities (static) organizations collection: hardware 1 - class material hardware system of public facilities.

  • Motor products (dynamic) run linkage groups: hardware 2 - traffic moving material hardware system.

Organic life system running: Wetware (human life) – interact, link, network, and organization among populated and management server.

Spiritual culture system design organization. Software

  • Urban cultural style and brand image (such as Beijing Shanghai style culture, etc.). Software

  • Virtual digital information, the wisdom of city science and technology and the “wisdom” of culture. Software

  • Non-material cultural inheritance, colony gene mapping, memory, nostalgia rings birthmark, etc. Software

  • Social memory time keeping system: settlement context inheriting the emotional design mechanism and the legal safeguard system.

Mechanism analysis of unified urban and rural living organisms:

Living organisms: the life of urban and rural areas drove on the basis of natural ecological life and prime life force combination drive.

Science and technology leading mechanism: intelligent and information of urban and rural areas, the driving and traction force of productivity of modern science and technology civilization.

Cultural governance auxiliary mechanism: aesthetics of urban and rural culture:

Production relations of force and the traction on the basis of humanity: culture function and function of art that the government, society and the individual work in autonomy, which has a similar effect with firewall buffer isolation belt and massage chair, and purifier.

In short, people is the advanced form of life, is the experience and the embodiment part of the macroscopic forms of life, is the true main body of organic constitution of the depth of life system 4D, 3D plus time dimension, and zero distance immersive interactive. The urban and rural characteristics combine with their respective advantages and learn from each other, organic life system that 1 + 1 is greater than 2 has the characteristics of the activity of life. Therefore, unified urban and rural design is a dynamic process of history, is the longest time dimension in the design of all design. It almost keeps company with the whole of the human life in unified settlement system between urban and rural areas. And at the same time, it is a green organic life constitution system; the unified life system constitutes the following four hierarchies:

  • Layer of urban and rural ecological environment (mainly outer ring, primary, background, and first natural ecological features).

  • Layer of architectural landscape space (mainly include 2 laps, level 2, skeleton, the second natural design in fixed form).

  • Layer of public life product (mainly 3 laps, level 3, media, mobile media and tool system, including the real and virtual ones).

  • Layer of human life movement (core, level 4, the main body, life, ecological features mainly).

Unified urban and rural living organisms are a composite system, which has organic link between each other. Therefore, it requires a systemic interaction design to achieve.

4 Interaction Design of Unified Urban and Rural Living Organisms

As an organic system, interaction design of united urban and rural life referred to especially is the interaction between population and the natural environment, social relations and systems such as public goods, with the aim of planning and describing interaction way between people and people, people and things, people and the environment, and then layout and convey these interactions in a reasonable and art way. Specific is as follows.

4.1 Interaction Design of the Objective Nature and Tool System

People here refer to the ones from different scale and the level from individuals to segmentation and public. First is the interaction between human and nature. Nature is the foundation of human survival while barbarous development and unlimited use of ecological environment and nature resources since the industrial civilization has finally been revenged by nature, leading to the global ecological crisis. How to overcome the ecological crisis and realize the harmonious coexistence of man and nature is the urgent questions need to explored and solved. Tool is an extension of the human body, human actively invent and escalate tool system evolution, making person increasingly close with tools that tool system has become the second floor, the third layer of body and skin. Interaction design of people and tools are mainly the UI and UE design and experience design between individual people and fixed tools and mobile digital products. To sum up, it includes multiple levels of interaction design at least from macroscopic to microcosmic: first of all, it is interaction design between people and the dynamics of unified urban and rural life in macro level, natural ecology and static real estate) inhabit and the architectural design. The second is the interaction between people and medium measure dynamic tools such as all kinds of traffic tools, or other public interaction between household furniture. The third is interaction between portable mobile terminal information tools or network equipment in micro level. It is also the interaction of bioengineering implantable or immersive interaction tools, represented by biological chips or superfine sensor in the human body. It fuses people and tools organically together.

4.2 Interaction Design Among People

From micro level of individual human interaction level, it should emphasize on face-to-face interactive communication mode, such as in the tenement yard and courtyard, interaction is smooth and people integrated well emotionally in the past. Also great importance should be paid interaction platform of interaction patterns like WeChat, as well as virtual and real interaction design. As the most advanced intelligent life with strongest social relations and social feature, individual person’s survival and development must be established on the basis of good interaction with society. Wisdom city has the characteristics of life, interaction design methods such as Internet, Internet of things, melting networking related to today’s wisdom city construction must be applied to unified urban and rural areas settlement design. From group of interaction design that across trade or industry in the macro level, attention must be paid to the coordinated development of productivity and production relations to promote the overall progress of human civilization and health fast development. So the coordination and innovation, fusion between related industries is definitely the organic composition of the human interaction design that for adjusting and perfecting production relations.

4.3 Interaction Design of City and Countryside

Construction of unified urban and rural areas is not a simple assembling of city and country combination, but healthy living system of organic interaction and fusion, which as fully explained by this article in chapter 6 that has the characteristics of healthy mechanism of living systems. In the organic integration of interactive process of city and countryside, the design service concept and the user experience ideas are reflected. Let the user experience pleasure, satisfaction and happiness through the unified urban and rural service life design. Users here is the diverse organisms in broad, make all things grow, vitality and prosperity through interaction design. Make the service system of unified living areas more humane, more secured and meticulously through interaction design. The specific design should include at least two aspects in the form and content:

The first is the interaction design of form and ecology. Interact towns and villages with beautiful shape and high-quality ecology, such as settlement building integrated into the landscape green net, which is inhabit environment with garden and orchard. This is the embodiment of city and countryside’s external beauty and truth. The second is the interaction design of humanism and human. It need to break the traditional rigid system between urban and rural areas at the first to make urban and rural gentry literati organic exchange cost reduced, new interactive mechanisms sound. Such as under interactive, open and shared adjacent architectural form, people come to and fro, culture exchanges, ideas are touched. Material heritage and intangible cultural heritage and the heritage of people here will be the bridge and medium, which is the deep inner spiritual interaction between city and countryside based on the purpose of good and beauty. It is also rendering and expression of service design and interaction. Organic fusion and interactive design of green ecological, organic life of unified urban and rural living will be a fundamental improvement in the collapse disorder of the city and hollowing of country.

As the explanation of Lai Zhide, the Zhouyi scholars in Ming dynasty, for the sentence that “If heaven and earth communicates, then everything circles; if emperor and his subjects communicates, then the up and down thought is consistent” from the Zhouyi-Tai-Tuan Analects, Heaven and earth communicates by gas, gas exchange and things pass, heaven and earth is also peaceful. Up and down communicates by heart and have the same goals, it’s good for both of the high and low levels. This is the highest goal and level of unified urban and rural life interaction design in the future.

5 Conclusion

Although the third-type settlement: unified urban and rural living system and interaction design research are proposed for the first time both at home and abroad, it will inevitably be the future human settlement development mode by looking to the human settlement history and future development to change from the first kind of race-gathering mode in the agrarian age, to the second kind of profit-gathering mode in the ministry era, and then head for the third kind of kindness-gathering pattern that heaven and people integrate. It will definitely play a positive role in natural harmony existence and Human sustainable development, especially in human green, organic, life and culture of theoretical research and practical application.

As the third class inhabit, unified urban and rural living organism becomes the best settlement mode for being green ecological, organic harmonious, life-healthy and cultural prosperity. Taking heaven-and-human harmonious interaction ecological nature as maternal background, living healthy state as interactive operation mechanism, the growth of the continuous development of science as the fundamental purpose, the truth of technology, the goodness of human and the beauty of the art as the design pointer, this model follows the nature of justice but higher, imitates the wisdom of the ancients but sublime it to fit today, studies the laws of science but makes best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, and truly achieve the vision of “better life for all living beings”.