Abstract
Drying of agricultural products is a critical and energy-intensive processing step in the production of many foodstuffs. During convective drying, products are highly susceptible to thermal damage. In recent years, novel techniques have been established based on optical scattering due to the interaction of light with organic materials. The presented research investigated this approach using vis/NIR wavelengths to observe changes of quality parameters during drying of foodstuffs. The method was proven useful to monitor changes in moisture, color, and texture in a variety of products such as apple, mango, papaya, litchi, and bell pepper. Although many applications have been confirmed, additional hardware and software aspects still need to be refined. Optical scattering shows strong potential for implementation as a non-destructive method for in-line control of product qualities during industrial drying processes. A robotic prototype should be developed that is capable of automated measurement of agricultural products during drying. Optimization of product quality and prevention of energy waste by over-drying are among the potential impacts of the developed technology.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
McMinn, W.A.M., Magee, T.R.A.: Principles, methods and applications of the convective drying of foodstuffs. Food Bioprod. Process. 77, 175–193 (1999)
Kim, S., Park, J., Hwang, I.: Composition of main carotenoids in Korean red pepper (Capsicum annuum, L) and changes of pigment stability during the drying and storage process. J. Food Sci. 69, FCT39–FCT44 (2004)
Mahayothee, B., Udomkun, P., Nagle, M., Haewsungcharoen, M., Janjai, S., Müller, J.: Effects of pretreatments on colour alterations of litchi during drying and storage. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 229, 329–337 (2009)
Vega-Gálvez, A., Di Scala, K., Rodríguez, K., Lemus-Mondaca, R., Miranda, M., López, J., Perez-Won, M.: Effect of air-drying temperature on physico-chemical properties, antioxidant capacity, colour and total phenolic content of red pepper (Capsicum annuum, L. var. Hungarian). Food Chem. 117, 647–653 (2009)
Lewicki, P.P.: Effect of pre-drying treatment, drying and rehydration on plant tissue properties: a review. Int. J. Food Prop. 1, 1–22 (1998)
Arabhosseini, A., Huisman, W., Van Boxtel, A., Müller, J.: Modeling of thin layer drying of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.). Ind. Crops Prod. 29, 53–59 (2009)
Fernandes, F.A., Rodrigues, S., Law, C.L., Mujumdar, A.S.: Drying of exotic tropical fruits: a comprehensive review. Food Bioprocess Technol. 4, 163–185 (2011)
Müller, J.: Convective drying of medicinal, aromatic and spice plants: a review. Stewart Postharvest Rev. 3, 1–6 (2007)
Connolly, C.: NIR spectroscopy for foodstuff monitoring. Sens. Rev. 25, 192–194 (2005)
Nicolai, B.M., Beullens, K., Bobelyn, E., Peirs, A., Saeys, W., Theron, K.I., Lammertyn, J.: Nondestructive measurement of fruit and vegetable quality by means of NIR spectroscopy: a review. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 46, 99–118 (2007)
Roy, S., Anantheswaran, R.C., Shenk, J.S., Westerhaus, M.O., Beelman, R.B.: Determination of moisture content of mushrooms by Vis—NIR spectroscopy. J. Sci. Food Agric. 63, 355–360 (1993)
Kawamura, S., Natsuga, M., Takekura, K., Itoh, K.: Development of an automatic rice-quality inspection system. Comput. Electron. Agric. 40, 115–126 (2003)
De Temmerman, J., Saeys, W., Nicolaï, B., Ramon, H.: Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a tool for the in-line determination of the moisture concentration in extruded semolina pasta. Biosyst. Eng. 97, 313–321 (2007)
Sinelli, N., Casiraghi, E., Barzaghi, S., Brambilla, A., Giovanelli, G.: Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring blueberry osmo–air dehydration process. Food Res. Int. 44, 1427–1433 (2011)
Qin, J., Lu, R.: Measurement of the optical properties of fruits and vegetables using spatially resolved hyperspectral diffuse reflectance imaging technique. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 49, 355–365 (2008)
Lorente, D., Aleixos, N., Gómez-Sanchis, J., Cubero, S., García-Navarrete, O.L., Blasco, J.: Recent advances and applications of hyperspectral imaging for fruit and vegetable quality assessment. Food Bioprocess Technol. 5, 1121–1142 (2012)
Birth, G.S.: The light scattering properties of foods. J. Food Sci. 43, 916–925 (1978)
Adebayo, S.E., Hashim, N., Abdan, K., Hanafi, M.: Application and potential of backscattering imaging techniques in agricultural and food processing–a review. J. Food Eng. 169, 155–164 (2016)
Qing, Z., Ji, B., Zude, M.: Predicting soluble solid content and firmness in apple fruit by means of laser light backscattering image analysis. J. Food Eng. 82, 58–67 (2007)
Qing, Z., Ji, B., Zude, M.: Non-destructive analyses of apple quality parameters by means of laser-induced light backscattering imaging. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 48, 215–222 (2008)
Tu, K., Jancsók, P., Nicolaï, B., De Baerdemaeker, J.: Use of laser-scattering imaging to study tomato-fruit quality in relation to acoustic and compression measurements. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 35, 503–510 (2000)
De Belie, N., Tu, K., Jancsok, P., De Baerdemaeker, J.: Preliminary study on the influence of turgor pressure on body reflectance of red laser light as a ripeness indicator for apples. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 16, 279–284 (1999)
Lu, R.: Multispectral imaging for predicting firmness and soluble solids content of apple fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 31, 147–157 (2004)
Lu, R., Ariana, D.: A near-infrared sensing technique for measuring internal quality of apple fruit. Appl. Eng. Agric. 18, 585 (2002)
Qin, J., Lu, R.: Monte Carlo simulation for quantification of light transport features in apples. Comput. Electron. Agric. 68, 44–51 (2009)
Peng, Y., Lu, R.: Prediction of apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content using characteristics of multispectral scattering images. J. Food Eng. 82, 142–152 (2007)
Peng, Y., Lu, R.: Analysis of spatially resolved hyperspectral scattering images for assessing apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 48, 52–62 (2008)
Janjai, S., Mahayothee, B., Lamlert, N., Bala, B.K., Precoppe, M.F., Nagle, M., Müller, J.: Diffusivity, shrinkage and simulated drying of litchi fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). J. Food Eng. 96, 214–221 (2010)
Talla, A., Puiggali, J.-R., Jomaa, W., Jannot, Y.: Shrinkage and density evolution during drying of tropical fruits: application to banana. J. Food Eng. 64, 103–109 (2004)
Zogzas, N., Maroulis, Z., Marinos-Kouris, D.: Densities, shrinkage and porosity of some vegetables during air drying. Drying Technol. 12, 1653–1666 (1994)
Torricelli, A., Spinelli, L., Contini, D., Vanoli, M., Rizzolo, A., Zerbini, P.E.: Time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy for non-destructive assessment of food quality. Sens. Instrum. Food Qual. Saf. 2, 82–89 (2008)
Argyropoulos, D., Heindl, A., Müller, J.: Assessment of convection, hot-air combined with microwave-vacuum and freeze-drying methods for mushrooms with regard to product quality. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 46, 333–342 (2011)
Baranyai, L., Zude, M.: Analysis of laser light propagation in kiwifruit using backscattering imaging and Monte Carlo simulation. Comput. Electron. Agric. 69, 33–39 (2009)
Romano, G., Argyropoulos, D., Gottschalk, K., Cerruto, E., Müller, J.: Influence of colour changes and moisture content during banana drying on laser backscattering. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 3, 46–51 (2010)
Romano, G., Nagle, M., Argyropoulos, D., Müller, J.: Laser light backscattering to monitor moisture content, soluble solid content and hardness of apple tissue during drying. J. Food Eng. 104, 657–662 (2011)
Romano, G., Argyropoulos, D., Nagle, M., Khan, M.T., Müller, J.: Combination of digital images and laser light to predict moisture content and color of bell pepper simultaneously during drying. J. Food Eng. 109, 438–448 (2012)
Udomkun, P., Nagle, M., Mahayothee, B., Müller, J.: Laser-based imaging system for non-invasive monitoring of quality changes of papaya during drying. Food Control 42, 225–233 (2014)
Romano, G., Nagle, M., Müller, J.: Two-parameter Lorentzian distribution for monitoring physical parameters of golden colored fruits during drying by application of laser light in the Vis/NIR spectrum. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 33, 498–505 (2016)
Du, C.-J., Sun, D.-W.: Learning techniques used in computer vision for food quality evaluation: a review. J. Food Eng. 72, 39–55 (2006)
Al Ohali, Y.: Computer vision based date fruit grading system: design and implementation. J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Info. Sci. 23, 29–36 (2011)
Schulze, K., Nagle, M., Spreer, W., Mahayothee, B., Müller, J.: Development and assessment of different modeling approaches for size-mass estimation of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L., cv. ‘Nam Dokmai’). Comput. Electron. Agric. 114, 269–276 (2015)
Mendoza, F., Aguilera, J.M.: Application of image analysis for classification of ripening bananas. J. Food Sci. 69, E471–E477 (2004)
Blasco, J., Cubero, S., Gómez-Sanchís, J., Mira, P., Moltó, E.: Development of a machine for the automatic sorting of pomegranate (Punica granatum) arils based on computer vision. J. Food Eng. 90, 27–34 (2009)
Vélez Rivera, N., Gómez-Sanchis, J., Chanona-Pérez, J., Carrasco, J.J., Millán-Giraldo, M., Lorente, D., Cubero, S., Blasco, J.: Early detection of mechanical damage in mango using NIR hyperspectral images and machine learning. Biosystems Eng. 122, 91–98 (2014)
Fukuda, S., Yasunaga, E., Nagle, M., Yuge, K., Sardsud, V., Spreer, W., Müller, J.: Modelling the relationship between peel colour and the quality of fresh mango fruit using Random Forests. J. Food Eng. 131, 7–17 (2014)
Du, C.-J., Sun, D.-W.: Multi-classification of pizza using computer vision and support vector machine. J. Food Eng. 86, 234–242 (2008)
Costa, C., Antonucci, F., Pallottino, F., Aguzzi, J., Sun, D.-W., Menesatti, P.: Shape analysis of agricultural products: a review of recent research advances and potential application to computer vision. Food Bioprocess Technol. 4, 673–692 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nagle, M., Romano, G., Udomkun, P., Argyropoulos, D., Müller, J. (2016). Potential for Automated Systems to Monitor Drying of Agricultural Products Using Optical Scattering. In: Kubota, N., Kiguchi, K., Liu, H., Obo, T. (eds) Intelligent Robotics and Applications. ICIRA 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9835. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43518-3_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43518-3_31
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43517-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43518-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)