Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of using Long Term Evolution (LTE), for the real-time state estimation of the smart grids. This enables monitoring and control of future smart grids. The smart grid state estimation requires measurement reports from different nodes in the smart grid and therefore the uplink LTE radio delay performance is selected as key performance indicator. The analysis is conducted for two types of measurement nodes, namely smart meters (SMs) and wide area monitoring and supervision (WAMS) nodes, installed in the (future) smart grids. The SM and WAMS measurements are fundamental input for the real-time state estimation of the smart grid. The LTE delay evaluation approach is via ‘snap-shot’ system level simulations of an LTE system where the physical resource allocation, modulation and coding scheme selection and retransmissions are modelled. The impact on the LTE delay is analyzed for different granularities of LTE resource allocation, for both urban and suburban environments. The results show that the impact of LTE resource allocation granularity on delay performance is more visible at lower number of nodes per cell. Different environments (with different inter-site distances) have limited impact to the delay performance. In general, it is challenging to reach a target maximum delay of 1 s in realistic LTE deployments (This work is partly funded by the FP7 SUNSEED project, with EC grant agreement no: 619437.).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
UE stands for user equipment.
- 2.
In LTE the minimum time needed for a transmitter to realize its previous transmission is erroneously received and needs to be re-transmitted is 8 TTIs.
References
FP7 SUNSEED, Deliverable D2.1.1: Preliminary requirements and architectures for DSO-telecom converged communication networks in dense DEG smart energy grid networks, July 2014
Maskey, N., Horsmanheimo, S., Tuomimaki, L.: Analysis of latency for cellular networks for smart grid in suburban area. In: 5th IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), Istanbul, Turkey, 12–15 October 2014
Horsmanheimo, S., Maskey, N., Tuomimaki, L.: Feasibility study of utilizing mobile communications for smart grid applications in urban area. In: IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), Venice, Italy, 3–6 November 2014
Louvros, S., Paraskevas, M., Triantafyllou, V., Baltagiannis, A.: LTE uplink delay constraints for smart grid applications. In: 19th IEEE International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD), Athens, Greece, 1–3 December 2014
Nagai, Y., Zhang, L., Okamawari, T., Fujii, T.: Delay performance analysis of LTE in various traffic patterns and radio propagation environments. In: 77th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Dresden, Germany, 2–5 June 2013
Zhang, L., Okamawari, T., Fujii, T.: Performance Evaluation of End-to-End Communication Quality of LTE. In: 75th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Yokohama, Japan, 6–9 May 2012
Karupongsiri, C., Munasinghe, K.S., Jamalipour, A.: Random access issues for smart grid communications in LTE networks. In: 8th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), Gold Coast, Australia, 15–17 December 2014
Adamiak, M., Premerlani, W., Kasztenny, B.: Synchrophasors: Definition, Measurements, and Application. https://www.gedigitalenergy.com/
Lixia, M.: IEEE 1588 Synchronization in Distributed Measurement Systems for Electric Power Networks, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cagliari, March 2012
Xu, Y., Fischione, C.: Real-time scheduling in LTE for smart grids. In: 2012 5th International Symposium on Communications Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP), May 2012
IEC 61850-5: Communication networks and systems for power utility automation–Part 5: Communication requirements for functions and device models, January 2013
5G Infrastructure Association: “5G and Energy”, White Paper, Version 1.0, 30 September 2015
Mavenir: Latency Considerations in LTE. White paper, September 2014
Nokia Siemens Networks: LTE-capable transport: A quality user experience demands an end-to-end approach, Whitepaper (2011)
Dimitrova, D.C., Berg, J.L., Heijenk, G., Litjens, R.: LTE uplink scheduling - flow level analysis. In: Sacchi, C., Bellalta, B., Vinel, A., Schlegel, C., Granelli, F., Zhang, Y. (eds.) MACOM 2011. LNCS, vol. 6886, pp. 181–192. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23795-9_16
Litjens, R., Toh, Y., Zhang, H., Blume, O.: Assessment of the energy efficiency enhancement of future mobile networks. In: Proceedings of WCNC 2014, Istanbul, Turkey (2014)
Motorola, 3GPP contribution R1-081638, TBS and MCS Signaling and Tables (2008)
3GPP TS 36.213, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer procedures (Table 8.6.1-1 and Table 7.1.7.2-1)
FP7 SUNSEED project Deliverable D3.1: Traffic modelling, communication requirements and candidate network solutions for real-time smart grid control, April 2015. http://sunseed-fp7.eu/deliverables/
GPP TR 36.912 version 12.0.0, Feasibility study for Further Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE-Advanced), September 2014
Meeting report, 3GPP RAN1 NB_IoT Ad Hoc meeting, January 2016
Acknowledgment
We thank all the colleagues from the FP7 SUNSEED project consortium for the numerous discussions that were useful input for the study presented in this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Jorguseski, L., Zhang, H., Chrysalos, M., Golinski, M., Toh, Y. (2017). LTE Delay Assessment for Real-Time Management of Future Smart Grids. In: Hu, J., Leung, V., Yang, K., Zhang, Y., Gao, J., Yang, S. (eds) Smart Grid Inspired Future Technologies. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 175. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47729-9_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47729-9_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47728-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47729-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)